Oldham Robert L
Fresno Center for Medical Education and Research, University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine, 4441 East Kings Canyon Road, Fresno, CA 93702, USA.
South Med J. 2013 Jan;106(1):115-9. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31827cd091.
Disaster preparations and responses are incomplete without addressing the mental health aspects of disasters. Unpleasant mental states can be a natural and even adaptive human response following a disaster; however, disasters also can contribute to the development of mental illnesses and substance use disorders or exacerbate existing disorders for disaster survivors, response personnel, and even families and close contacts of survivors and responders. Disaster-related psychopathology can mimic or negatively affect other disaster-related illnesses and can impair health professionals and others who must respond to catastrophic events; however, disasters also can encourage tremendous human coping, perseverance, and resilience and can even enhance personal and collective feelings of purpose, connection, and meaning. Integrating mental health promotion and care into disaster planning and response has the potential to mitigate psychiatric and medical consequences of a disaster and may preserve the mission readiness of disaster response personnel and promote healing among communities traumatized by disaster.
如果不考虑灾害的心理健康方面，灾害准备和应对工作就是不完整的。不愉快的心理状态可能是灾害后一种自然甚至适应性的人类反应；然而，灾害也可能导致精神疾病和物质使用障碍的发展，或使灾害幸存者、应急人员，甚至幸存者和应急人员的家人及密切接触者现有的疾病恶化。与灾害相关的精神病理学可以模仿或对其他与灾害相关的疾病产生负面影响，并可能损害必须应对灾难性事件的卫生专业人员和其他人；然而，灾害也可以激发人类巨大的应对、毅力和恢复力，甚至可以增强个人和集体的目标感、联系感和意义感。将心理健康促进和护理纳入灾害规划和应对工作有可能减轻灾害的精神和医疗后果，并可能保持灾害应对人员的任务准备状态，促进受灾害创伤社区的康复。
