Domínguez-Ortega J, Quirce S, Delgado J, Dávila I, Martí-Guadaño E, Valero A
Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Carretera de Toledo Km 12,500, 28905 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Allergy, Healthcare Research Institute IdiPAZ, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2014 Jan-Feb;42(1):11-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.08.004. Epub 2012 Dec 21.
There are few studies which analyse the characteristics of allergic respiratory disease according to profiles of sensitisation to different allergens. This study describes the clinical features and therapeutic approaches, according to the sensitisation profile to relevant aeroallergens, in a sample of adult patients with a first-time diagnosis of respiratory allergy (rhinitis and/or asthma).
1287 patients, enrolled consecutively in the spring of 2010 by 200 allergy specialists, were classified into four groups according to sensitisation to significant allergens in each geographical area (grass pollen, olive pollen, grass and olive pollen, house dust mites). Information was obtained on demographics, diagnostic procedures used, treatments prescribed, clinical characteristics of the rhinitis, and severity and control of asthma.
Of the patients, 58.6% had rhinitis only and 38.7% had both rhinitis and asthma. Patients with more severe rhinitis had more severe and poorer controlled asthma. Sensitisation to different allergens was not associated with significant differences in severity and control of asthma, but patients with house dust mite allergy presented persistent rhinitis more frequently. Allergy to grass pollen was significantly associated with food allergies. Differences were observed in the frequency of prescription of immunotherapy and antileukotrienes in patients allergic to house dust mites and of topical corticosteroids in patients with pollen allergy.
It was observed in this study that in respiratory allergy disease, there are clinical differences as well as differences in diagnostic procedure and therapeutic attitudes, depending on the clinically relevant allergen.
很少有研究根据对不同过敏原的致敏情况分析过敏性呼吸道疾病的特征。本研究描述了首次诊断为呼吸道过敏（鼻炎和/或哮喘）的成年患者样本中，根据对相关气传过敏原的致敏情况所呈现的临床特征和治疗方法。
2010年春季，由200名过敏症专科医生连续招募的1287例患者，根据每个地理区域的主要过敏原致敏情况（草花粉、橄榄花粉、草花粉和橄榄花粉、屋尘螨）分为四组。收集了人口统计学信息、所采用的诊断程序、所开的治疗药物、鼻炎的临床特征以及哮喘的严重程度和控制情况。
患者中，58.6%仅有鼻炎，38.7%同时患有鼻炎和哮喘。鼻炎较严重的患者哮喘也更严重且控制较差。对不同过敏原的致敏与哮喘严重程度和控制情况的显著差异无关，但屋尘螨过敏患者持续性鼻炎更为常见。对草花粉过敏与食物过敏显著相关。在屋尘螨过敏患者中免疫疗法和抗白三烯药物的处方频率，以及花粉过敏患者中局部用皮质类固醇的处方频率存在差异。
本研究观察到，在呼吸道过敏性疾病中，根据临床相关过敏原的不同，存在临床差异以及诊断程序和治疗态度的差异。
