Uchida Yasue, Sugiura Saiko, Nakashima Tsutomu, Ando Fujiko, Shimokata Hiroshi
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2012;49(2):222-7. doi: 10.3143/geriatrics.49.222.
The number of hearing-impaired elderly people in Japan remains to be clarified. In the present study, we analyzed the data from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) to ascertain the prevalence and 10-year incidence of hearing loss in Japanese elderly people.
Hearing loss prevalence was calculated based on 2,194 subjects who had been included in the 6th survey of the NILS-LSA (2008-2010) and was represented as crude rates (calculation A) and as rates after the exclusion of occupational noise-exposure and ear disease history (calculation B). Estimates of hearing loss incidence were performed at a national level based on demographic statistics. Subsequently, we analyzed the 10-year incidence in 465 subjects showing no hearing loss at baseline (1997-2000 survey) all of whom also participated in the 6(th) survey of the NILS-LSA (2008-2010).
The prevalence of hearing loss greatly increased after the age of 65 years. The prevalence observed in calculation A was 43.7%, 51.1%, 71.4%, and 84.3% in men aged 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and over 80 years old, respectively. In women, the prevalence for the same age groups was 27.7%, 41.8%, 67.3%, and 73.3%, respectively. The size of the hearing-impaired population older than 65 years old was estimated to be 16,553,000. The 10-year incidence rates of hearing impairment in the 60-64- and 70-74-year-old age groups were 32.5% and 62.5% (age at baseline), respectively. These rates rapidly increased with age, although a number of elderly people with good hearing were also observed.
Age-related hearing loss is an issue of national importance. These results also indicated that it is possible to preserve good hearing into later in life, and that hearing loss in the elderly may be preventable.
日本听力受损老年人的数量仍有待明确。在本研究中，我们分析了国立长寿科学研究所-老龄化纵向研究（NILS-LSA）的数据，以确定日本老年人听力损失的患病率和10年发病率。
根据纳入NILS-LSA第6次调查（2008 - 2010年）的2194名受试者计算听力损失患病率，并表示为粗率（计算A）以及排除职业噪声暴露和耳部疾病史后的率（计算B）。基于人口统计学统计数据在国家层面进行听力损失发病率估计。随后，我们分析了465名在基线（1997 - 2000年调查）时无听力损失且均参与了NILS-LSA第6次调查（2008 - 2010年）的受试者的10年发病率。
65岁以后听力损失患病率大幅上升。计算A中观察到的65 - 69岁、70 - 74岁、75 - 79岁和80岁以上男性的患病率分别为43.7%、51.1%、71.4%和84.3%。在女性中，相同年龄组的患病率分别为27.7%、41.8%、67.3%和73.3%。65岁以上听力受损人群规模估计为1655.3万。60 - 64岁和70 - 74岁年龄组（基线年龄）的听力障碍10年发病率分别为32.5%和62.5%。尽管也观察到许多听力良好的老年人，但这些发病率随年龄迅速上升。
年龄相关性听力损失是一个具有国家重要性的问题。这些结果还表明，有可能在晚年保持良好听力，并且老年人的听力损失可能是可预防的。
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