Anatomy School and Trophoblast Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2013 Mar;26(3):201-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.11.010. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
The origins of evidence-based medicine as understood today are traceable to 1972 and the publication of Archie Cochrane’s book Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services. This book attempted to bridge the divide between scientific medicine and clinical judgment that had developed since the mid-19th century. Its genesis was stimulated by Cochrane’s experiences as a prisoner-of-war medical officer and of the demands placed after the 1939-1945 war on the UK National Health Service. In the 1960s, reproductive medicine was considered by the UK Medical Research Council to be relatively ‘unscientific’ in its approach to care delivery and was described as such by Cochrane in the 1970s. Evidence is presented here that reproductive medicine responded, becoming by 1989 a pioneering clinical discipline in the application of evidence to practice. This was achieved largely through the efforts of Iain Chalmers, who was a key player in the development of the systematic review and in the foundation of the Cochrane collection.
循证医学的起源可以追溯到 1972 年，当时 Archie Cochrane 的著作《有效性和效率：对卫生服务的随机反思》出版。这本书试图弥合自 19 世纪中叶以来在科学医学和临床判断之间形成的鸿沟。它的产生是受到 Cochrane 作为战俘军医的经历以及 1939-1945 年战争后对英国国家卫生服务（NHS）的需求的刺激。在 20 世纪 60 年代，英国医学研究理事会（Medical Research Council）认为生殖医学在提供医疗服务方面的方法相对“不科学”，并在 20 世纪 70 年代被 Cochrane 如此描述。本文提出的证据表明，生殖医学做出了回应，到 1989 年，它成为将证据应用于实践的先驱临床学科。这主要是通过 Iain Chalmers 的努力实现的，他是系统评价发展和 Cochrane 收藏建立的关键人物。
