Hill G B
J Clin Epidemiol. 2000 Dec;53(12):1189-92. doi: 10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00253-5.
Archibald L. (Archie) Cochrane was born in 1909 into a wealthy Scottish family, from which he inherited the advantage of a private income and the disadvantage of porphyria. Though a brilliant student, his medical training was interrupted by a lengthy psychoanalysis in Europe, and by service in a field ambulance unit in the Spanish Civil War. Eventually Cochrane qualified in medicine in 1938 and joined the R.A.M.C. in 1939. He was taken prisoner in Crete in 1941 and served the rest of the war as medical officer in various POW camps. Cochrane's post-war career with the Medical Research Council as a field epidemiologist in South Wales earned him the respect and admiration of a generation of British epidemiologists. However, Cochrane's international reputation is not based on his achievements as an epidemiologist, but on his 1971 monograph "Effectiveness and Efficiency. Random Reflections on Health Services," a biting scientific critique of medical practice. Cochrane died in 1988, but his name lives on in the Cochrane Collaboration, a network of researchers devoted to clinical trials, and the torch which he lit had been carried forward by the groups promoting evidence-based medicine. Some have looked askance at these developments, regarding them as a threat to the autonomy of physicians.
阿奇博尔德·L.（阿奇）·科克伦于1909年出生在一个富裕的苏格兰家庭，他继承了家庭的两项遗产：私人收入带来的优势和卟啉症带来的劣势。尽管他是个才华横溢的学生，但他的医学培训因在欧洲进行的长期精神分析以及在西班牙内战期间担任战地救护队队员而中断。最终，科克伦于1938年获得医学资格，并于1939年加入皇家陆军医疗队。1941年，他在克里特岛被俘，并在战争剩余时间里在各个战俘营担任军医。战后，科克伦在医学研究理事会担任南威尔士的现场流行病学家，这使他赢得了一代英国流行病学家的尊重和钦佩。然而，科克伦的国际声誉并非基于他作为流行病学家的成就，而是基于他1971年出版的专著《效果与效率：关于卫生服务的随机思考》，这是一篇对医疗实践尖刻的科学批判。科克伦于1988年去世，但他的名字在致力于临床试验的研究人员网络科克伦协作网中得以延续，他所点燃的火炬也由推广循证医学的团体传承下去。一些人对这些发展持怀疑态度，认为它们对医生的自主权构成了威胁。
