Heyer N, Weiss N S, Demers P, Rosenstock L
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(4):493-504. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700170407.
Fire fighters are known to be occupationally exposed to many toxic substances. However, the limited number of previous studies has not demonstrated any consistent excess mortality from diseases of a priori concern, such as lung cancer, non-malignant respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease. We studied 2,289 Seattle fire fighters from 1945 through 1983, and observed 383 deaths. Excess mortality from leukemia (SMR = 503, n = 3) and multiple myeloma (SMR = 989, n = 2) was observed among fire fighters with 30 years or more fire combat duty. Lung cancer mortality was elevated (SMR = 177, n = 18) among fire fighters 65 years old or older. We also analyzed the data by considering fire fighters at risk only after 30 years from first exposure. In this analysis, a trend of increasing risk with increasing exposure was observed for diseases of the circulatory system. For this cause of death, fire fighters with 30 years or more fire combat duty had a relative risk of 1.84 compared to those with less than 15 years of fire combat duty.
众所周知，消防员在职业中会接触到许多有毒物质。然而，此前数量有限的研究并未表明，在诸如肺癌、非恶性呼吸道疾病和心血管疾病等预先关注的疾病方面，存在任何一致的超额死亡率。我们研究了1945年至1983年期间的2289名西雅图消防员，观察到383人死亡。在有30年或更长时间灭火任务的消防员中，观察到白血病（标准化死亡比=503，n=3）和多发性骨髓瘤（标准化死亡比=989，n=2）的超额死亡率。65岁及以上的消防员肺癌死亡率有所升高（标准化死亡比=177，n=18）。我们还仅考虑首次接触30年后处于风险中的消防员来分析数据。在该分析中，观察到循环系统疾病的风险随着接触增加而增加的趋势。对于这一死因，有30年或更长时间灭火任务的消防员与灭火任务少于15年的消防员相比，相对风险为1.84。
