Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Eur J Immunol. 2013 Feb;43(2):303-13. doi: 10.1002/eji.201242896.
Paired receptors are families of membrane proteins characterized by similar extracellular regions but different transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions, meaning that some members can give inhibitory signals and others activating signals. Well-characterized examples include the KIR, SIRP, Ly49, Nkpr, and Siglec families. The difference in the repertoire of these genes in mouse and man indicates that these families have evolved rapidly. For example, KIRs are found in humans and not mice, and Ly49 shows the converse. These genes are often very polymorphic, e.g. KIR and the number of genes can vary as shown for Ly49 in different mouse strains. Paired receptors are expressed mainly on NK and myeloid cells and their evolution is thought to be pathogen driven. In this article, we review various receptor families for which pathogen interactions are known and discuss the possible molecular mechanisms driving their evolution.
配对受体是一类膜蛋白家族，其特征为相似的细胞外区域，但不同的跨膜和细胞质区域，这意味着一些成员可以传递抑制信号，而另一些成员则传递激活信号。已充分研究的例子包括 KIR、SIRP、Ly49、Nkpr 和 Siglec 家族。鼠和人之间这些基因谱的差异表明这些家族已经迅速进化。例如，KIR 存在于人类而不存在于小鼠中，而 Ly49 则相反。这些基因通常具有高度多态性，例如 KIR 和基因数量在不同的小鼠品系中有所不同。配对受体主要在 NK 和髓系细胞上表达，其进化被认为是由病原体驱动的。在本文中，我们综述了已知与病原体相互作用的各种受体家族，并讨论了驱动其进化的可能分子机制。
