Department of Pulmonology, Intensive Care, and Sleep Medicine, Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft, Schmallenberg, Germany.
Respir Care. 2013 Aug;58(8):1323-8. doi: 10.4187/respcare.02215. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
Oxygen therapy is usually combined with a humidification device, to prevent mucosal dryness. Depending on the cannula design, oxygen can be administered pre- or intra-nasally (administration of oxygen in front of the nasal ostia vs cannula system inside the nasal vestibulum). The impact of cannula design on intra-nasal humidity, however, has not been investigated to date.
First, to develop a system, that samples air from the nasal cavity and analyzes the humidity of these samples. Second, to investigate nasal humidity during pre-nasal and intra-nasal oxygen application, with and without humidification.
We first developed and validated a sampling and analysis system to measure humidity from air samples. By means of this system we measured inspiratory air samples from 12 subjects who received nasal oxygen with an intra-nasal and pre-nasal cannula at different flows, with and without humidification.
The sampling and analysis system showed good correlation to a standard hygrometer within the tested humidity range (r = 0.99, P < .001). In our subjects intranasal humidity dropped significantly, from 40.3 ± 8.7% to 35.3 ± 5.8%, 32 ± 5.6%, and 29.0 ± 6.8% at flows of 1, 2, and 3 L, respectively, when oxygen was given intra-nasally without humidification (P = .001, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). We observed no significant change in airway humidity when oxygen was given pre-nasally without humidification. With the addition of humidification we observed no significant change in humidity at any flow, and independent of pre- or intranasal oxygen administration.
Pre-nasal administration of dry oxygen achieves levels of intranasal humidity similar to those achieved by intranasal administration in combination with a bubble through humidifier. Pre-nasal oxygen simplifies application and may reduce therapy cost.
氧气治疗通常与加湿设备联合使用，以防止黏膜干燥。根据鼻塞设计的不同，氧气可以经鼻前（即在鼻道口前给氧）或经鼻内（即鼻塞系统在鼻腔前庭内）给予。然而，迄今为止，鼻塞设计对鼻腔内湿度的影响尚未得到研究。
首先，开发一种从鼻腔中采样并分析这些样本湿度的系统。其次，研究在没有加湿的情况下，经鼻前和经鼻内给氧时鼻腔内的湿度。
我们首先开发并验证了一种采样和分析系统，以测量空气样本中的湿度。通过该系统，我们测量了 12 名接受经鼻内和经鼻前鼻塞吸氧的受试者的吸气空气样本，在不同流量下，有无加湿。
采样和分析系统在测试的湿度范围内与标准湿度计具有良好的相关性（r = 0.99，P <.001）。在我们的受试者中，当不给氧加湿时，经鼻内给氧的流量分别为 1、2 和 3 L 时，鼻腔内湿度分别显著下降至 40.3 ± 8.7%、35.3 ± 5.8%和 32 ± 5.6%（P =.001、P <.001 和 P <.001）。当不给氧加湿时，经鼻前给氧时气道湿度无显著变化。当加湿时，无论在任何流量下，以及经鼻前或经鼻内给氧，都观察到湿度没有显著变化。
经鼻前给予干燥氧气可达到与经鼻内给氧结合气泡式湿化器相似的鼻腔内湿度水平。经鼻前给氧简化了应用，可能降低治疗成本。
