膜管状泡状延伸（纤毛）：分泌和黏附的细胞细胞器。
Membrane tubulovesicular extensions (cytonemes): secretory and adhesive cellular organelles.
机构信息
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
出版信息
Cell Adh Migr. 2013 Mar-Apr;7(2):174-86. doi: 10.4161/cam.23130. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
Abstract
In this review, we summarized data on the formation and structure of the long and highly adhesive membrane tubulovesicular extensions (TVEs, membrane tethers or cytonemes) observed in human neutrophils and other mammalian cells, protozoan parasites and bacteria. We determined that TVEs are membrane protrusions characterized by a uniform diameter (130-250 nm for eukaryotic cells and 60-90 nm for bacteria) along the entire length, an outstanding length and high rate of development and a high degree of flexibility and capacity for shedding from the cells. This review represents TVEs as protrusions of the cellular secretory process, serving as intercellular adhesive organelles in eukaryotic cells and bacteria. An analysis of the physical and chemical approaches to induce TVEs formation revealed that disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and inhibiting glucose metabolism or vacuolar-type ATPase induces TVE formation in eukaryotic cells. Nitric oxide is represented as a physiological regulator of TVE formation.
摘要
在这篇综述中，我们总结了在人中性粒细胞和其他哺乳动物细胞、原生动物寄生虫和细菌中观察到的长而高度黏附的膜管状延伸物（TVE、膜系绳或纤毛）的形成和结构的数据。我们确定 TVE 是膜突起，其特征是整个长度上具有均匀的直径（真核细胞为 130-250nm，细菌为 60-90nm）、出色的长度和高发展速度以及高度的灵活性和从细胞上脱落的能力。本综述将 TVE 表示为细胞分泌过程的突起，作为真核细胞和细菌中的细胞间黏附细胞器。对诱导 TVE 形成的物理和化学方法的分析表明，破坏肌动蛋白细胞骨架和抑制葡萄糖代谢或液泡型 ATP 酶会诱导真核细胞中 TVE 的形成。一氧化氮被表示为 TVE 形成的生理调节剂。
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