Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;782:23-38. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5465-6_2.
Neurons in the vertebrate nervous system acquire their mature features over an extended period in pre-natal and early post-natal life. The interaction of the organism with its environment (“experience”) has been shown to profoundly influence sensory neuron development. Over the past ~2 decades, it has become increasingly clear that motor system development is also experience-dependent. Glutamate receptors of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype have been implicated in both sensory and motor system experience-dependent development. An additional molecular mechanism involves the GluA1 subunit of the 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA) subtype glutamate receptors. GluA1-dependent development operates in an NMDA-R independent manner and uses a distinct set of signaling molecules. The synapse associated protein of 97 kDa molecular weight (SAP97) is key. A deeper understanding of how experiences guides motor system development may lead to new ways to improve function after central nervous system insult.
脊椎动物神经系统中的神经元在产前和产后早期的很长一段时间内获得成熟的特征。机体与其环境的相互作用（“经验”）已被证明深刻地影响感觉神经元的发育。在过去的~20 年中，越来越明显的是，运动系统的发育也是依赖于经验的。N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）型谷氨酸受体已被牵涉到感觉和运动系统经验依赖性发育中。另一个分子机制涉及 2-氨基-3-（5-甲基-3-氧代-1,2-恶唑-4-基）丙氨酸（AMPA）型谷氨酸受体的 GluA1 亚基。GluA1 依赖性发育以 NMDA-R 独立的方式进行，并使用一组独特的信号分子。突触相关蛋白 97kDa 分子量（SAP97）是关键。更深入地了解经验如何指导运动系统的发育，可能会为中枢神经系统损伤后改善功能开辟新途径。
