Counseling Psychology Program, University of Denver, 1999 E. Evans, #147, Denver, CO, 80208, USA.
J Gambl Stud. 2014 Mar;30(1):61-9. doi: 10.1007/s10899-012-9357-2.
It is the intent of this study to examine the relationship between the number of co-occurring disorders in a sample of pathological gamblers and variables associated with clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. Participants were given screening tools for four common psychological disorders: the hands depression screen, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, the Carroll-Davidson generalized anxiety disorder screen, and the Sprint-4 PTSD Screen. The number of co-occurring disorders, as indicated by the results of these screening instruments, was compared to severity of gambling problems at outset of treatment, as measured by the NORC diagnostic screen for gambling problems-self administered. The number of co-occurring disorders was also compared to psychosocial functioning at the outset of treatment, as well as level of improvement in psychosocial functioning through treatment. Psychosocial functioning was measured using the Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45). The number of co-occurring disorders was compared to participant satisfaction with the therapeutic relationship as measured by the working alliance inventory-short form. Results suggest that co-occurring disorders are commonplace among treatment seeking pathological gamblers. Over 86 % of the sample screened positively for at least one of the four targeted psychological disorders. Furthermore, the number of co-occurring disorders was found to be positively related to severity of gambling problems at outset of treatment and negatively related to level of psychosocial functioning at outset of treatment. However, the number of co-occurring disorders was not found to be significantly related to level of improvement in psychosocial functioning through treatment. Overall, those that attended at least six sessions reported significantly improved psychosocial functioning by the end of their sixth session. Finally, the number of co-occurring disorders was not found to be significantly related to participants' reported level of satisfaction with the therapeutic relationship.
本研究旨在探讨样本中同时存在的多种障碍与临床表现和治疗结果相关变量之间的关系。研究对象接受了四种常见心理障碍的筛查工具：手抑郁筛查、心境障碍问卷、卡罗尔-戴维森广泛性焦虑障碍筛查和 Sprint-4 PTSD 筛查。这些筛查工具的结果表明存在的共病障碍数量，与治疗开始时赌博问题严重程度进行了比较，使用 NORC 赌博问题自我评估诊断筛查进行测量。共病障碍的数量也与治疗开始时的心理社会功能以及治疗过程中心理社会功能的改善程度进行了比较。心理社会功能使用问卷 45 项（OQ-45）进行测量。通过工作联盟量表-短式对参与者对治疗关系的满意度进行了测量，以评估共病障碍的数量。结果表明，共病障碍在寻求治疗的病态赌徒中很常见。超过 86%的样本对四个目标心理障碍中的至少一个进行了阳性筛查。此外，共病障碍的数量与治疗开始时赌博问题的严重程度呈正相关，与治疗开始时的心理社会功能呈负相关。然而，共病障碍的数量与治疗过程中心理社会功能的改善程度没有显著相关。总体而言，至少参加了六次治疗的患者，在第六次治疗结束时报告的心理社会功能显著改善。最后，共病障碍的数量与参与者报告的对治疗关系的满意度没有显著相关。
