Steen K H, Zimmermann T
Klinik mit Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
Laryngoscope. 1990 May;100(5):525-30. doi: 10.1288/00005537-199005000-00016.
Over the last seven years, there has been an increase in the number of children admitted to our hospital because of aspirated foreign bodies. An inhaled foreign body can become a serious matter if it results in acute respiratory distress or if it remains unrecognized for a long period in the bronchial system. Then, as a result of inflammatory tissue reactions, it can be extracted only with great difficulty. Of our 94 children with foreign body aspiration, 24% had been treated initially on the basis of a different diagnosis. In 30% of all cases, the children were admitted more than 3 days after aspiration. One third of the patients already had signs of marked inflammation on admission. Early treatment, under general anaesthesia, proved to be safe even for small babies. Bronchoscopic examinations should not last more than approximately 1 hour. All children who had complications after bronchoscopy (6%) recovered fully after treatment, except for one child who died of respiratory failure. A diminution of complications in children with inflammatory signs on admission was observed when they were treated before the operation with antibiotics and methylprednisolone.
在过去七年里，我院收治的因误吸异物入院的儿童数量有所增加。如果吸入的异物导致急性呼吸窘迫，或者在支气管系统中长时间未被发现，就可能成为严重问题。随后，由于炎症组织反应，只能极其困难地将其取出。在我们收治的94例误吸异物的儿童中，24%最初是基于不同诊断进行治疗的。在所有病例中，30%的儿童在误吸后3天以上才入院。三分之一的患者入院时已有明显炎症迹象。事实证明，即使对小婴儿而言，在全身麻醉下进行早期治疗也是安全的。支气管镜检查不应持续超过约1小时。所有在支气管镜检查后出现并发症的儿童（6%），除一名死于呼吸衰竭的儿童外，治疗后均完全康复。在入院时有炎症迹象的儿童术前使用抗生素和甲泼尼龙治疗后，并发症有所减少。
