Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I.P., Av. Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013 May;64(4):617-31. doi: 10.1007/s00244-012-9861-5. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
Surface sediments were collected in August 2009 from 49 sites along the Minho estuary (between Tui and Caminha) and analyzed for grain size, organic carbon (Corg) and total nitrogen (Ntot) contents, and major (silicon [Si], aluminum [Al], iron [Fe], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], sodium [Na], potassium [K], titanium [Ti], and mangesese [Mn]) and trace element (arsenic [As], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], mercury [Hg], lithium [Li], lead [Pb], rubidium [Rb], tin [Sn], and zinc [Zn]) concentrations. Factor analysis was used to decrease 22 selected variables into 4 factors accounting for 85.9 % of the total variance explained, suggesting distinct elemental sources or sediment components affecting their spatial distributions. Although factors 1 (detrital component; elements strongly associated with fine- [Na, Mg, Ti, Li, Cr, Cu, Fe, Al, Zn, Ca, and As] and coarse-grained sediments [Si, K, Rb; mean grain-size [MGS]) and 3 (Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide sediment component; Fe, Mn, As, fine fraction) are interpreted as reflecting predominance of natural contributions, factors 2 (urban and industrial contamination: sediment components [Pb, Hg, organic carbon [Corg], total nitrogen [Ntot] and 4 (components associated with contamination by nautical activities; the association of tin [Sn] and calcium [Ca]) seem to indicate anthropogenic contributions). Nevertheless, the influence of elemental contributions derived from tungsten (W)-Sn mineralizations and those resulting from mining activities can also contribute to the obtained geochemical associations and should be considered. Spatial distribution of dominant factor scores shows the dominance of factors 2 and 4 between Tui and Vila Nova de Cerveira, whereas samples dominated by factors 3 and 1 are found between Ilha da Boega and Seixas and in the Caminha areas, respectively. Despite the dominance of factor score 1 in the Caminha area, the distribution pattern of dominant factor scores shows samples dominated by other factor scores that can be explained by dredging activities in this river sector that restore ancient sedimentary characteristics or expose contaminated sediments. Through the identification of sample locations dominated by factors associated with contamination, it will be possible to select them as priority areas where new environmental (e.g., toxicity tests, organic Sn compounds, tracers of sewage contamination) studies should be implemented in the future.
于 2009 年 8 月在米尼奥河口（图伊和卡米尼亚之间）的 49 个地点采集了表层沉积物，并对其粒度、有机碳（Corg）和总氮（Ntot）含量以及主要（硅[Si]、铝[Al]、铁[Fe]、钙[Ca]、镁[Mg]、钠[Na]、钾[K]、钛[Ti]和锰[Mn]）和微量元素（砷[As]、铬[Cr]、铜[Cu]、汞[Hg]、锂[Li]、铅[Pb]、铷[Rb]、锡[Sn]和锌[Zn]）浓度进行了分析。利用因子分析将 22 个选定变量减少到 4 个因子，解释了总方差的 85.9%，表明不同的元素来源或影响其空间分布的沉积物成分。尽管因子 1（碎屑成分；与细粒[Na、Mg、Ti、Li、Cr、Cu、Fe、Al、Zn、Ca 和 As]和粗粒沉积物[Si、K、Rb；平均粒径[MGS]强烈相关的元素）和因子 3（Fe-Mn 氢氧化物沉积物成分；Fe、Mn、As、细粒部分）被解释为反映主要是自然贡献，但因子 2（城市和工业污染：与沉积物成分[Pb、Hg、有机碳[Corg]、总氮[Ntot]和 4（与航海活动污染相关的成分；锡[Sn]和钙[Ca]的关联）似乎表明人为贡献。然而，钨（W）-Sn 矿化和采矿活动产生的元素贡献也可能导致获得的地球化学关联，因此应予以考虑。主要因子得分的空间分布显示，Tui 和 Vila Nova de Cerveira 之间的因子 2 和因子 4 占主导地位，而在 Ilha da Boega 和 Seixas 以及 Caminha 地区则以因子 3 和因子 1 为主。尽管 Caminha 地区以因子得分 1 为主，但主要因子得分的分布模式显示，其他因子得分也占主导地位，这可以解释为该河流流域的疏浚活动恢复了古代沉积特征或暴露了受污染的沉积物。通过识别与污染相关的因子占主导地位的样本位置，可以选择它们作为优先领域，在未来应在这些领域开展新的环境（例如毒性测试、有机锡化合物、污水污染示踪剂）研究。
