Kuo Chung-Yih, Yang Hao-Jan, Chiang Yi-Chen, Lai Dian-Jheng, Shen Ying-Hsuan, Liu Pang-Min
School of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Chien-Kuo N Rd., Sec. 1, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 40242,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Nov;21(21):12354-63. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3179-y. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
Aeolian river dust can seriously affect the air quality in central Taiwan. The main purpose of this study was to assess the concentration variations of PM10 and metals at different elementary schools during river dust episodes. River dust samples were taken from eight sites in the main bare soil areas of the Choshui River. PM10 aerosols from four elementary schools in Yulin County were collected by means of high-volume samplers. Fifteen elements (Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Ti, Ni, V, Cr, As, Pb, Cu, Co, and Cd) in the river dust and PM10 were analyzed in this study. The coefficients of divergence (CDs) were obtained by comparing the metal compositions in PM10 aerosols at the four schools on the sampling days with the mean metal contents in the river soil samples as reference. The CD values showed that metal compositions in the aerosols at high-exposure sites during river dust episodes were similar to those compositions in the river dust. The concentrations of PM10 at the high-exposure schools during river dust episodes were much higher than those during non-river-dust episodes. This study also indicated that at the high-exposure sites, both the PM10 and metal concentrations were higher than at the low-exposure and control sites, not only during the river dust episodes, but also after the river dust episodes. The concentrations of toxic metals (Ni, Cr, As, and Cd) at the high-exposure sites were about 11.3 times higher during the river dust episodes (189 ng/m(3)) than during non-river-dust episodes (16.7 ng/m(3)) and about 8.9 times higher during the same periods at the control site (21.3 ng/m(3)).
风尘暴会严重影响台湾中部的空气质量。本研究的主要目的是评估在风尘暴期间不同小学PM10和金属元素的浓度变化。风尘暴样本取自浊水溪主要裸土区域的八个地点。通过大容量采样器收集了云林县四所小学的PM10气溶胶。本研究分析了风尘暴和PM10中的15种元素（铁、铝、钙、镁、锰、锌、钛、镍、钒、铬、砷、铅、铜、钴和镉）。通过将采样日四所学校PM10气溶胶中的金属成分与河流土壤样本中的平均金属含量进行比较，得出离散系数（CDs）。CD值表明，在风尘暴期间高暴露站点气溶胶中的金属成分与风尘暴中的成分相似。在风尘暴期间，高暴露学校的PM10浓度远高于非风尘暴期间。本研究还表明，在高暴露站点，不仅在风尘暴期间，而且在风尘暴过后，PM10和金属浓度均高于低暴露站点和对照站点。在高暴露站点，有毒金属（镍、铬、砷和镉）在风尘暴期间（189纳克/立方米）的浓度比非风尘暴期间（16.7纳克/立方米）高出约11.3倍，在对照站点同期（21.3纳克/立方米）高出约8.9倍。
