Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg P.O. Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
Ecol Evol. 2012 Dec;2(12):3186-94. doi: 10.1002/ece3.423. Epub 2012 Nov 16.
Response functions for the effect of ozone on cadmium (Cd) (toxic to humans) and zinc (Zn) (essential nutrient for plants and humans) in wheat grain were derived for the first time. Data from four open-top chamber (OTC) experiments with field-grown wheat, performed in southwest Sweden, were used. Ozone exposure was expressed as the phytotoxic ozone dose above a threshold of 6 nmol/m(2) per sec (POD(6)), and AOT40. Grain Zn concentration was significantly enhanced by ozone, while Zn yield was not affected. The positive ozone effect on grain Zn concentration was almost twice as large as the corresponding effect on grain protein concentration, most likely as a result of nitrogen availability being more limiting than Zn availability. Cd concentration was unaffected by ozone, but Cd yield was significantly negatively affected. For the variables studied, correlation was stronger with POD(6) than AOT40, but in several cases, for example, for Zn concentration and Cd yield, there was practically no difference in the performance between the two exposure indices. From the literature, it is obvious that ozone has important adverse effects on wheat yield and certain quality traits. As shown in this study, there are also examples of ozone leading to improved quality, for example, in terms of enhanced Zn concentration of wheat grain. While OTC enclosure did not affect Zn accumulation in wheat grain, Cd accumulation was significantly positively affected, most likely through transpiration being enhanced by the OTC environment, promoting Cd uptake and transport through the plant.
首次推导了臭氧对小麦籽粒中镉（对人类有毒）和锌（植物和人类必需的营养物质）影响的响应函数。使用了在瑞典西南部进行的四项大田生长小麦开放式顶篷（OTC）实验的数据。臭氧暴露表示为每 sec 超过 6 nmol/m(2)的阈值的植物毒性臭氧剂量（POD(6)）和 AOT40。臭氧显著增加了籽粒锌浓度，而锌产量不受影响。臭氧对籽粒锌浓度的正效应几乎是对籽粒蛋白浓度的相应效应的两倍，这很可能是由于氮的可利用性比锌的可利用性更受限制。臭氧对镉浓度没有影响，但镉产量显著受到负面影响。对于研究的变量，与 POD(6)的相关性强于 AOT40，但在某些情况下，例如锌浓度和镉产量，这两个暴露指数的性能几乎没有差异。从文献中可以明显看出，臭氧对小麦产量和某些质量特性有重要的不利影响。正如本研究所示，臭氧也有导致质量提高的例子，例如增加小麦籽粒中的锌浓度。虽然 OTC 围封不会影响小麦籽粒中锌的积累，但镉的积累却显著增加，这很可能是由于 OTC 环境增强了蒸腾作用，促进了 Cd 的吸收和通过植物的运输。
