Zhang Ying-Xiu, Chen Min, Xue Li-Hua, Zhao Jin-Shan, Chu Zun-Hua
Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
Ann Hum Biol. 2013 Jan;40(1):88-93. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2012.740073.
Several studies have provided ample evidence that hypertension in adults has its onset in childhood; children and adolescents with elevated blood pressure (BP) are more likely to become hypertensive adults. Shandong province is one of the areas of China with higher prevalence of hypertension. However, no studies on the relationship between physique and BP have been reported in Shandong Province, China.
The present study examined the difference in body shape and physical activity (PA) between adolescents with normotensive and elevated BP in Shandong, China.
Data for this study were obtained from a large cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren carried out in 2010.A total of 28 039 students (14 084 boys and 13 955 girls) aged 10-17 years participated in this study. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), BP, triceps and subscapular skinfolds of all subjects were measured and the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness was applied. Body mass index (BMI) of adolescents was calculated from their height and weight and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were obtained according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs. Elevated BP was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 95th percentile for age and gender. PA attitudes and behaviours were assessed by a standardized questionnaire.
The mean values of BMI, WC and SFT for both boys and girls were all significantly higher in the elevated BP group than in the normal BP group in all age categories (p < 0.01). More adolescents with elevated BP were overweight or obese compared with normal BP subjects. Significant differences in PA were observed between the elevated and normal BP group, adolescents with elevated BP had poor PA attitudes and behaviours compared with normal BP subjects.
Adolescents with elevated BP had high levels of BMI, WC, SFT and poor PA attitudes and behaviours. These findings reinforce the importance of preventing overweight and obesity and improving their attitudes towards physical activity.
多项研究提供了充分证据表明成年人高血压始于儿童期；血压升高的儿童和青少年更有可能成为高血压成年人。山东省是中国高血压患病率较高的地区之一。然而，中国山东省尚未有关于体格与血压关系的研究报道。
本研究调查了中国山东省血压正常和血压升高的青少年在体型和身体活动（PA）方面的差异。
本研究数据来自2010年对学童进行的一项大型横断面调查。共有28039名10至17岁的学生（14084名男生和13955名女生）参与了本研究。测量了所有受试者的身高、体重、腰围（WC）、血压、肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度，并计算肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度之和。根据青少年的身高和体重计算体重指数（BMI），并根据国际肥胖特别工作组（IOTF）的标准确定超重和肥胖的患病率。血压升高定义为收缩压（SBP）和/或舒张压（DBP）≥年龄和性别的第95百分位数。通过标准化问卷评估PA态度和行为。
在所有年龄组中，血压升高组的男孩和女孩的BMI、WC和SFT平均值均显著高于血压正常组（p<0.01）。与血压正常的受试者相比，血压升高的青少年中超重或肥胖的更多。血压升高组和血压正常组之间在PA方面存在显著差异，血压升高的青少年与血压正常的受试者相比，PA态度和行为较差。
血压升高的青少年BMI、WC、SFT水平较高，PA态度和行为较差。这些发现强化了预防超重和肥胖以及改善他们对体育活动态度的重要性。
