Zhang Ying-Xiu, Wang Shu-Rong
Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shandong, PR China, 250014.
Ann Hum Biol. 2011 Sep;38(5):630-4. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2011.594453. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
Obesity and hypertension are both common health problems in children and adolescents; several studies have reported that obesity is associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) in both adults and children. However, no studies on the association between body mass index (BMI) distribution and prevalence of relatively high BP among children and adolescents have been reported in China.
The present study examined the relationship of BMI distribution to relatively high BP among children and adolescents in Shandong, China.
A total of 8568 students (4,333 boys and 4,235 girls) aged 7-18 years participated in this study. Height, weight and BP of all subjects were measured; BMI of adolescents was calculated from their height and weight. Relatively high BP status was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 95th percentile for age and gender. Prevalence of relatively high BP within each BMI percentile category was determined. Comparisons of BP among different BMI percentile groups were made.
The levels of SBP and DBP increased with age and were positively correlated with BMI in both boys and girls. The overall prevalence of relatively high BP was 24.07% for boys and 22.36% for girls. Prevalence of relatively high BP increased with BMI percentiles, this trend being especially obvious in the upper percentiles of BMI. An increasing trend was observed in SBP and DBP from BMI < 25th, 25th ≤ BMI < 50th, 50th ≤ BMI < 75th to BMI ≥ 75th percentile group.
There is a high prevalence of relatively high BP among children and adolescents in Shandong, China. The present findings emphasize the importance of prevention of overweight and obesity in order to prevent future related problems such as hypertension in children and adolescents.
肥胖和高血压都是儿童及青少年常见的健康问题；多项研究报告称，肥胖与成人和儿童的血压升高有关。然而，中国尚未有关于儿童及青少年体重指数（BMI）分布与相对高血压患病率之间关联的研究报道。
本研究探讨中国山东儿童及青少年BMI分布与相对高血压之间的关系。
共有8568名7至18岁的学生（4333名男生和4235名女生）参与了本研究。测量了所有受试者的身高、体重和血压；根据青少年的身高和体重计算其BMI。相对高血压状态定义为收缩压（SBP）和/或舒张压（DBP）≥年龄和性别的第95百分位数。确定每个BMI百分位数类别内相对高血压的患病率。对不同BMI百分位数组的血压进行比较。
男生和女生的SBP和DBP水平均随年龄增长而升高，且与BMI呈正相关。男生相对高血压的总体患病率为24.07%，女生为22.36%。相对高血压患病率随BMI百分位数增加而升高，这一趋势在BMI较高百分位数时尤为明显。从BMI<第25百分位数、第25百分位数≤BMI<第50百分位数、第50百分位数≤BMI<第75百分位数到BMI≥第75百分位数组，SBP和DBP均呈上升趋势。
中国山东儿童及青少年中相对高血压的患病率较高。本研究结果强调了预防超重和肥胖以预防儿童及青少年未来相关问题（如高血压）的重要性。
