Nimmervoll Helena, Hoby Stefan, Robert Nadia, Lommano Elena, Welle Monika, Ryser-Degiorgis Marie-Pierre
Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Postfach 8466, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
J Wildl Dis. 2013 Jan;49(1):91-102. doi: 10.7589/2010-11-316.
Sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious skin disease that can have a devastating impact on affected wild mammal populations. There are notable variations in the clinical and pathologic picture of sarcoptic mange among species and among conspecifics. However, the origin of these variations is unclear. We propose a classification scheme for skin lesions associated with Sarcoptes scabiei infestation to provide a basis for a subsequent risk factor analysis. We conducted a case-control study focused on macroscopic and histologic examination of the skin, using 279 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) found dead or shot in Switzerland between November 2004 and February 2006. All animals were submitted to gross necropsy following a detailed protocol. Selection criteria for cases (n=147) vs. controls (n=111) were the presence or absence of mange-like lesions, mite detection by isolation or histologic examination, and serologic testing for S. scabiei antibodies. Characteristic features of mange lesions were scored macroscopically in all foxes and histologically in 67 cases and 15 controls. We classified skin lesions and associated necropsy findings into three types of mange: A) early stage (n=45): focal-extensive skin lesions, thin crusts, mild to moderate alopecia, few mites, numerous eosinophils, and mild lymph node enlargement; B) hyperkeratotic, fatal form (n=86): generalized skin lesions, thick crusts with or without alopecia, foul odor, abundance of mites, numerous bacteria and yeasts, numerous lymphocytes and mast cells, severe lymph node enlargement, and emaciation; C) alopecic, healing form (n=16): focal lesions, no crusts, severe alopecia, hyperpigmentation and lichenification, absence of mites, mixed cell infiltration, and rare mild lymph node enlargement. We hypothesize that after stage A, the animal either enters stage B and dies, or stage C and survives, depending on largely unknown extrinsic or intrinsic factors affecting the host ability to control mite infestation.
疥螨病是一种高度传染性的皮肤病，会对受影响的野生哺乳动物种群造成毁灭性影响。不同物种之间以及同一物种的不同个体之间，疥螨病的临床和病理表现存在显著差异。然而，这些差异的起源尚不清楚。我们提出了一种与疥螨感染相关的皮肤病变分类方案，为后续的危险因素分析提供依据。我们进行了一项病例对照研究，重点对皮肤进行宏观和组织学检查，研究对象为2004年11月至2006年2月期间在瑞士发现死亡或被射杀的279只赤狐（赤狐属）。所有动物均按照详细方案进行大体尸检。病例组（n = 147）与对照组（n = 111）的选择标准是是否存在疥螨样病变、通过分离或组织学检查检测到螨虫以及进行疥螨抗体的血清学检测。在所有狐狸中对疥螨病变的特征进行宏观评分，并对67例病例和15例对照进行组织学评分。我们将皮肤病变及相关尸检结果分为三种疥螨病类型：A）早期（n = 45）：局部广泛的皮肤病变、薄痂、轻度至中度脱毛、少量螨虫、大量嗜酸性粒细胞以及轻度淋巴结肿大；B）角化过度致死型（n = 86）：全身性皮肤病变、有或无脱毛的厚痂、恶臭、大量螨虫、大量细菌和酵母菌、大量淋巴细胞和肥大细胞、严重淋巴结肿大以及消瘦；C）脱毛愈合型（n = 16）：局部病变、无痂、严重脱毛、色素沉着和苔藓化、无螨虫、混合细胞浸润以及罕见的轻度淋巴结肿大。我们推测，在A期之后，动物要么进入B期并死亡，要么进入C期并存活，这在很大程度上取决于影响宿主控制螨虫感染能力的未知外在或内在因素。
