La Rosa Corinna, Diamond Don J
Division of Translational Vaccine Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Future Virol. 2012 Mar 1;7(3):279-293. doi: 10.2217/fvl.12.8.
This review will summarize and interpret recent literature regarding the human CMV immune response, which is among the strongest measured and is the focus of attention for numerous research groups. CMV is a highly prevalent, globally occurring infection that rarely elicits disease in healthy immunocompetent hosts. The human immune system is unable to clear CMV infection and latency, but mounts a spirited immune-defense targeting multiple immune-evasion genes encoded by this dsDNA β-herpes virus. Additionally, the magnitude of cellular immune response devoted to CMV may cause premature immune senescence, and the high frequencies of cytolytic T cells may aggravate vascular pathologies. However, uncontrolled CMV viremia and life-threatening symptoms, which occur readily after immunosuppression and in the immature host, clearly indicate the essential role of immunity in maintaining asymptomatic co-existence with CMV. Approaches for harnessing the host immune response to CMV are needed to reduce the burden of CMV complications in immunocompromised individuals.
本综述将总结并解读近期有关人类巨细胞病毒（CMV）免疫反应的文献，该免疫反应是所检测到的最强免疫反应之一，也是众多研究团队关注的焦点。CMV是一种高度流行、在全球范围内传播的感染源，在健康的免疫功能正常宿主中很少引发疾病。人类免疫系统无法清除CMV感染及潜伏状态，但会针对这种双链DNAβ疱疹病毒编码的多个免疫逃避基因展开有力的免疫防御。此外，针对CMV的细胞免疫反应强度可能会导致免疫早衰，而细胞毒性T细胞的高频率存在可能会加重血管病变。然而，免疫抑制后以及在未成熟宿主中容易出现的不受控制的CMV病毒血症和危及生命的症状，清楚地表明了免疫在维持与CMV无症状共存中的重要作用。需要采取利用宿主对CMV免疫反应的方法，以减轻免疫功能低下个体中CMV并发症的负担。
