School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro (ESSUA), Aveiro, Portugal.
Disabil Rehabil. 2013 Aug;35(18):1501-8. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2012.742677. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
To describe the activities and participation of people with dementia living in long-term care facilities.
An exploratory descriptive study with 329 people medically diagnosed with dementia was conducted in the central region of Portugal. Socio-demographics were collected with a questionnaire based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Checklist. Cognitive impairment was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the activities and participation were described with the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0).
Participants mean age was 83.6 ± 7.1 years old. Most were female (79.6%), widows (60.8%), had 1-4 years of education (51.1%) and were living in a long-term care facility from 2 to 4 years (36.2%). Alzheimer's disease (41.9%) was the most prevalent type of dementia. According to the MMSE, the cognitive status was low (8.7 ± 7.9) and 61.7% had severe cognitive impairment. The MMSE scores were negatively correlated with the WHODAS 2.0 scores. Mobility was the most affected domain of WHODAS 2.0. The total score showed that 77.8% of the sample was severely limited in activities and restricted in participation.
This study shows that people with dementia living in long-term care facilities have severe activities limitation and participation restriction. However, most residents understand what people say, eat by themselves and get along with people who are close to them. This information on disability is crucial to plan health resources and inform rehabilitation programmes tailored to individuals' functionality.
People with dementia living in long-term care facilities have severe activities limitation and participation restriction. Rehabilitation through engagement in activities and enhancement of participation seems to be crucial for this population. A multidimensional characterisation of activities and participation is recommended to inform the design and implementation of rehabilitation. Mobility was the most affected domain, highlighting the need for specific rehabilitation, as mobility restrictions are associated with residents' dependency and caregivers' burden.
描述居住在长期护理机构中的痴呆症患者的活动和参与情况。
这是一项在葡萄牙中部地区进行的探索性描述性研究，共有 329 名经医学诊断患有痴呆症的患者参与。采用基于《国际功能、残疾和健康分类-检查表》的问卷收集社会人口统计学数据。使用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）测量认知障碍，使用世界卫生组织残疾评估量表 2.0（WHODAS 2.0）描述活动和参与情况。
参与者的平均年龄为 83.6±7.1 岁。他们大多数为女性（79.6%）、丧偶（60.8%）、受教育程度为 1-4 年（51.1%），在长期护理机构居住了 2-4 年（36.2%）。阿尔茨海默病（41.9%）是最常见的痴呆症类型。根据 MMSE，认知状态较差（8.7±7.9），61.7%的患者认知障碍严重。MMSE 评分与 WHODAS 2.0 评分呈负相关。WHODAS 2.0 中，行动受限最严重的领域是移动性。总分为 77.8%的样本活动严重受限，参与受限。
本研究表明，居住在长期护理机构中的痴呆症患者活动严重受限，参与受限。然而，大多数居民能理解他人说话的内容，能自行进食，并与亲近的人相处。这些关于残疾的信息对于规划卫生资源和提供针对个人功能的康复方案非常重要。
居住在长期护理机构中的痴呆症患者活动严重受限，参与受限。通过参与活动和增强参与来进行康复似乎对这一人群至关重要。建议对活动和参与进行多维描述，为康复的设计和实施提供信息。行动受限是受影响最严重的领域，这突出了特定康复的必要性，因为行动受限与居民的依赖和照顾者的负担有关。
