Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
Protist. 2013 May;164(3):380-410. doi: 10.1016/j.protis.2012.11.005. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
The archamoebae form a small clade of anaerobic/microaerophilic flagellates or amoebae, comprising the pelobionts (mastigamoebids and pelomyxids) and the entamoebae. It is a member of the eukaryotic supergroup Amoebozoa. We examined 22 strains of 13 species of Mastigamoeba, Pelomyxa and Rhizomastix by light-microscopy and determined their SSU rRNA gene sequences. The SSU rRNA gene sequences of Pelomyxa palustris and Mastigella commutans in GenBank are shown to belong to P. stagnalis and Mastigamoeba punctachora, respectively. Five new species of free-living archamoebae are described: Mastigamoeba abducta, M. errans, M. guttula, M. lenta, and Rhizomastix libera spp. nov. A species of Mastigamoeba possibly living endosymbiotically in Pelomyxa was identified. Rhizomastix libera, the first known free-living member of that genus, is shown to be an archamoeba. R. libera possesses an ultrastructure unique within archamoebae: a rhizostyle formed from a modified microtubular cone and a flagellum with vanes. While many nominal species of pelobionts are extremely hard to distinguish by light microscopy, transient pseudopodial characters are worthy of further investigation as taxonomic markers.
内变形虫为一小分支的厌氧/微需氧鞭毛虫或变形虫，包含有孔虫（滴虫和锥体虫）和内变形虫。它是变形动物门的一个成员。我们通过光学显微镜检查了 13 种 Mastigamoeba、Pelomyxa 和 Rhizomastix 的 22 个菌株，并确定了它们的 SSU rRNA 基因序列。GenBank 中显示的沼泽锥体虫和变形虫 M. commutans 的 SSU rRNA 基因序列分别属于 P. stagnalis 和 M. punctachora。描述了 5 种新的自由生活的内变形虫：Mastigamoeba abducta、M. errans、M. guttula、M. lenta 和 Rhizomastix libera spp. nov。鉴定出一种可能生活在 Pelomyxa 内共生的变形虫。Rhizomastix libera 是该属中第一个已知的自由生活成员，它是一种内变形虫。R. libera 具有内变形虫中独特的超微结构：由改良的微管锥形成的根状结构和带有帆的鞭毛。虽然许多有孔虫的名义种很难通过光学显微镜区分，但短暂的伪足特征值得进一步研究作为分类标记。
