Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;39(1):45-66. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.10.007.
Osteoarthritis (OA), the commonest arthropathy, targets the knees, hips, finger interphalangeal joints, thumb bases, first metatarsophalangeal joints, and spinal facet joints, and displays marked heterogeneity of clinical presentation. Signs of OA include coarse crepitus, bony enlargement, reduced range of movement, and joint-line tenderness. Muscle wasting and joint deformity occur with severe OA. Painful periarticular disorders often coexist with OA. Inflammation is absent or only modest, although mild-moderate effusions are common at the knee. The diagnosis of OA may be made without recourse to radiographic or laboratory investigations in the at-risk age group with typical symptoms and signs.
骨关节炎（OA）是最常见的关节疾病，主要影响膝关节、髋关节、手指指间关节、拇指基部、第一跖趾关节和脊柱小关节，临床表现明显异质性。OA 的体征包括粗糙的嘎吱声、骨肿大、运动范围减小和关节线压痛。严重的 OA 会导致肌肉萎缩和关节畸形。疼痛性关节周围疾病常与 OA 并存。尽管膝关节常有轻度至中度积液，但炎症不存在或仅轻度存在。在有风险的年龄组中，如果有典型的症状和体征，无需进行影像学或实验室检查即可诊断 OA。
