Mathias Christopher J, Iodice Valeria, Low David
Imperial College, London, UK.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;110:239-53. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52901-5.00020-4.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), through its central connections and efferent pathways, innervates every organ in the body, influences their function, and is also involved in a number of integrative systems such as those concerned with maintenance of arterial blood pressure, organ perfusion, and body temperature. Responsive functioning of the ANS is thus needed in a variety of situations; it contributes to well being, and is essential for survival. Autonomic dysfunction may occur in a number of neurological diseases and may complicate various medical disorders. This chapter will provide an outline of the scientific principles, followed by classification of autonomic disorders, an outline of the autonomic investigations, brief accounts of some of the key disorders and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, and discussion of treatment, emphasizing the importance of non-pharmacological methods and, in particular, the role of autonomic neurorehabilitation.
自主神经系统（ANS）通过其中枢联系和传出通路，支配身体的每个器官，影响其功能，还参与许多整合系统，如与动脉血压维持、器官灌注和体温调节有关的系统。因此，在各种情况下都需要ANS的正常功能；它有助于身体健康，对生存至关重要。自主神经功能障碍可能发生在多种神经系统疾病中，并可能使各种医学病症复杂化。本章将概述科学原理，接着介绍自主神经障碍的分类、自主神经检查概述、一些关键疾病及其涉及的病理生理机制的简要说明，以及治疗讨论，强调非药物方法的重要性，特别是自主神经神经康复的作用。
