Department of Neurology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Laboratory for Morphological Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
World Neurosurg. 2014 Feb;81(2):436-40. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.01.033. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
The concept of a functional cerebral localization gave the needed support for the development of neurosurgery as a specialty. It should be noted though that the presence of functions on discrete areas of the cortex was a very controversial topic at that time. The objective of this paper is to review models of cortical organization at the end of the 19th century, highlighting beliefs, theories, and controversies behind them. A better understanding of this historical moment is essential to appreciate the debate between holists and localizers that stirred neuroscientists worldwide in the first half of the 20th century.
大脑功能定位的概念为神经外科学作为一个专业的发展提供了必要的支持。然而需要注意的是，当时大脑皮质离散区域存在功能的观点是一个极具争议性的话题。本文的目的是回顾 19 世纪末大脑皮质组织的模型，重点介绍这些模型背后的信念、理论和争议。更好地理解这一历史时刻对于理解 20 世纪上半叶在全球范围内激发神经科学家之间整体论者和局部定位论者之间的争论至关重要。
