Experimental Biology and Medicine Institute, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Differentiation. 2013 Jan;85(1-2):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.08.004. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
The considerable therapeutic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has generated increasing interest in a wide variety of biomedical disciplines. Nevertheless, researchers report studies on MSCs using different methods of isolation and expansion, as well as different approaches to characterize them; therefore, it is increasingly difficult to compare and contrast study outcomes. To begin to address this issue, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposed minimal criteria to define human MSCs. First, MSCs must be plastic-adherent when maintained in standard culture conditions (α minimal essential medium plus 20% fetal bovine serum). Second, MSCs must express CD105, CD73 and CD90, and MSCs must lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79α or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Third, MSCs must differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. MSCs are isolated from many adult tissues, in particular from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Along with their capacity to differentiate and transdifferentiate into cells of different lineages, these cells have also generated great interest for their ability to display immunomodulatory capacities. Indeed, a major breakthrough was the finding that MSCs are able to induce peripheral tolerance, suggesting that they may be used as therapeutic tools in immune-mediated disorders. Although no significant adverse events have been reported in clinical trials to date, all interventional therapies have some inherent risks. Potential risks for undesirable events, such as tumor development, that might occur while using these stem cells for therapy must be taken into account and contrasted against the potential benefits to patients.
人多能间充质基质细胞或间充质干细胞（MSCs）的巨大治疗潜力引起了广泛的生物医学领域的关注。然而，研究人员报告了使用不同的分离和扩增方法以及不同的方法来表征 MSC 的研究；因此，比较和对比研究结果变得越来越困难。为了解决这个问题，国际细胞治疗学会的间充质和组织干细胞委员会提出了定义人类 MSCs 的最小标准。首先，当在标准培养条件下（α最小必需培养基加 20%胎牛血清）维持时，MSCs 必须是塑料贴壁的。其次，MSCs 必须表达 CD105、CD73 和 CD90，并且必须缺乏 CD45、CD34、CD14 或 CD11b、CD79α 或 CD19 和 HLA-DR 表面分子的表达。第三，MSCs 必须在体外分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和成软骨细胞。MSCs 从许多成人组织中分离出来，特别是从骨髓和脂肪组织中分离出来。除了分化和转分化为不同谱系细胞的能力外，这些细胞还因其具有免疫调节能力而引起了极大的兴趣。事实上，一个重大突破是发现 MSCs 能够诱导外周耐受，这表明它们可能被用作免疫介导疾病的治疗工具。尽管迄今为止在临床试验中没有报告任何重大不良事件，但所有介入性治疗都存在一些固有风险。在使用这些干细胞进行治疗时，必须考虑到发生不良事件（如肿瘤发展）的潜在风险，并将其与患者的潜在益处进行对比。
