An impulse radio ultrawideband system for contactless noninvasive respiratory monitoring.

We design a impulse radio ultrawideband radar monitoring system to track the chest wall movement of a human subject during respiration. Multiple sensors are placed at different locations to ensure that the backscattered signal could be detected by at least one sensor no matter which direction the human subject faces. We design a hidden Markov model to infer the subject facing direction and his or her chest movement. We compare the performance of our proposed scheme on 15 human volunteers with the medical gold standard using respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) belts, and show that on average, our estimation is over 81% correlated with the measurements of a RIP belt system. Furthermore, in order to automatically differentiate between periods of normal and abnormal breathing patterns, we develop a change point detection algorithm based on perfect simulation techniques to detect changes in the subject's breathing. The feasibility of our proposed system is verified by both the simulation and experiment results.