Brum M C P, Araújo W L, Maki C S, Azevedo J L
Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Ecologia Microbiana, Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2012 Dec 6;11(4):4187-97. doi: 10.4238/2012.December.6.2.
We investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi found on grape (Vitis labrusca cv. Niagara Rosada) leaves collected from Salesópolis, SP, Brazil. The fungi were isolated and characterized by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, followed by sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA. In addition, the ability of these endophytic fungi to inhibit the grapevine pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp herbemontis was determined in vitro. We also observed that the climatic factors, such as temperature and rainfall, have no effect on the frequency of infection by endophytic fungi. The endophytic fungal community that was identified included Aporospora terricola, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bjerkandera adusta, Colletotrichum boninense, C. gloeosporioides, Diaporthe helianthi, D. phaseolorum, Epicoccum nigrum, Flavodon flavus, Fusarium subglutinans, F. sacchari, Guignardia mangiferae, Lenzites elegans, Paraphaeosphaeria pilleata, Phanerochaete sordida, Phyllosticta sp, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Preussia africana, Tinctoporellus epiniltinus, and Xylaria berteri. Among these isolates, two, C. gloeosporioides and F. flavus, showed potential antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp herbemontis. We suggest the involvement of the fungal endophyte community of V. labrusca in protecting the host plant against pathogenic Fusarium species. Possibly, some endophytic isolates could be selected for the development of biological control agents for grape fungal disease; alternatively, management strategies could be tailored to increase these beneficial fungi.
我们调查了从巴西圣保罗州萨莱索波利斯采集的葡萄（美洲葡萄品种尼亚加拉玫瑰）叶片上内生真菌的多样性。通过扩增核糖体DNA限制性分析对真菌进行分离和鉴定，随后对ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA进行测序。此外，还在体外测定了这些内生真菌抑制葡萄病原菌尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型的能力。我们还观察到温度和降雨等气候因素对内生真菌的感染频率没有影响。鉴定出的内生真菌群落包括土生无孢菌、出芽短梗霉、烟管菌、香蕉炭疽病菌、胶孢炭疽病菌、向日葵黑腐皮壳菌、菜豆黑腐皮壳菌、黑附球菌、黄绒齿耳、亚粘团镰刀菌、甘蔗镰刀菌、芒果球座菌、雅致韧革菌、皮氏拟暗球壳菌、污色扇毛菌、叶点霉属、纳布勒斯侧耳、非洲普雷乌斯菌、黄孔菌、贝氏炭角菌。在这些分离株中，胶孢炭疽病菌和黄绒齿耳对尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型表现出潜在的拮抗活性。我们认为美洲葡萄的真菌内生菌群落参与了保护寄主植物免受致病镰刀菌侵害。有可能选择一些内生分离株来开发葡萄真菌病害的生物防治剂；或者，可以调整管理策略以增加这些有益真菌的数量。
