Kojo Katja, Helminen Mika, Pukkala Eero, Auvinen Anssi
STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, PO Box 14, FI-00880 Helsinki, Finland.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2013 Jul;57(6):695-704. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mes106. Epub 2013 Jan 12.
Increased incidence of skin cancers among airline cabin crew has been reported in several studies. We evaluated whether the difference in risk factor prevalence between Finnish airline cabin crew and the general population could explain the increased incidence of skin cancers among cabin crew, and the possible contribution of estimated occupational cosmic radiation exposure. A self-administered questionnaire survey on occupational, host, and ultraviolet radiation exposure factors was conducted among female cabin crew members and females presenting the general population. The impact of occupational cosmic radiation dose was estimated in a separate nested case-control analysis among the participating cabin crew (with 9 melanoma and 35 basal cell carcinoma cases). No considerable difference in the prevalence of risk factors of skin cancer was found between the cabin crew (N = 702) and the general population subjects (N = 1007) participating the study. The mean risk score based on all the conventional skin cancer risk factors was 1.43 for cabin crew and 1.44 for general population (P = 0.24). Among the cabin crew, the estimated cumulative cosmic radiation dose was not related to the increased skin cancer risk [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-1.00]. The highest plausible risk of skin cancer for estimated cosmic radiation dose was estimated as 9% per 10 mSv. The skin cancer cases had higher host characteristics scores than the non-cases among cabin crew (adjusted OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-2.04). Our results indicate no difference between the female cabin crew and the general female population in the prevalence of factors generally associated with incidence of skin cancer. Exposure to cosmic radiation did not explain the excess of skin cancer among the studied cabin crew in this study.
多项研究报告称，航空公司空乘人员患皮肤癌的发病率有所上升。我们评估了芬兰航空公司空乘人员与普通人群在危险因素患病率上的差异，能否解释空乘人员皮肤癌发病率的上升，以及估计的职业宇宙辐射暴露可能产生的影响。我们对女性空乘人员和代表普通人群的女性进行了一项关于职业、宿主和紫外线辐射暴露因素的自填式问卷调查。在参与研究的空乘人员（9例黑色素瘤和35例基底细胞癌病例）中，通过单独的巢式病例对照分析评估了职业宇宙辐射剂量的影响。参与研究的空乘人员（N = 702）和普通人群受试者（N = 1007）在皮肤癌危险因素患病率上未发现显著差异。基于所有传统皮肤癌危险因素的平均风险评分，空乘人员为1.43，普通人群为1.44（P = 0.24）。在空乘人员中，估计的累积宇宙辐射剂量与皮肤癌风险增加无关[调整后的优势比（OR）= 0.75，95%置信区间（CI）：0.57 - 1.00]。估计宇宙辐射剂量导致皮肤癌的最高合理风险估计为每10 mSv 9%。在空乘人员中，皮肤癌病例的宿主特征评分高于非病例（调整后的OR = 1.43，95% CI：1.01 - 2.04）。我们的结果表明，女性空乘人员和普通女性人群在通常与皮肤癌发病率相关的因素患病率上没有差异。在本研究中，宇宙辐射暴露并不能解释所研究的空乘人员中皮肤癌过多的现象。
