Crocker P R
School of Physical Education, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario.
Can J Sport Sci. 1990 Mar;15(1):17-22.
The present study investigated the effects of facial-verbal expression congruencies on the perception of a coach's verbal and emotional feedback. The design was a two (facial congruency) by two (verbal feedback) completely randomized factorial. The facial expression was either congruent or incongruent with verbal feedback. Seventy-one university students (39 males, 32 females) were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions. Each student watched a videotape of facial-verbal pairings and evaluated (a) the percentage of positive and negative statements, (b) the emotions expressed by the coach. The analysis indicated that incongruent facial expressions distorted, in a negative direction, the expected frequency of positive feedback. The emotional state findings illustrated that the presence of any negative stimuli (face or verbal) produced the perception of negative affect. The findings provided converging evidence that inconsistencies in facial-verbal expression have a powerful effect on the perception of verbal feedback and emotional state.
本研究调查了面部表情与言语表达的一致性对教练言语和情感反馈认知的影响。研究设计为一个二（面部表情一致性）乘二（言语反馈）的完全随机析因实验。面部表情与言语反馈要么一致，要么不一致。71名大学生（39名男性，32名女性）被随机分配到四个实验条件之一。每个学生观看一段面部表情与言语配对的录像带，并评估（a）积极和消极陈述的百分比，（b）教练表达的情感。分析表明，不一致的面部表情会朝着消极方向扭曲积极反馈的预期频率。情绪状态研究结果表明，任何负面刺激（面部或言语）的出现都会产生负面情绪的认知。研究结果提供了一致的证据，表明面部表情与言语表达的不一致对言语反馈和情绪状态的认知有强大影响。
