Preventive Medicine & Biometrics, Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
Perspect Med Educ. 2012 May;1(2):76-85. doi: 10.1007/s40037-012-0012-5. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
Self-efficacy is a personal belief in one's capability to organize and execute courses of action required to attain designated types of performances. Often described as task-specific self-confidence, self-efficacy has been a key component in theories of motivation and learning in varied contexts. Furthermore, over the last 34 years, educational researchers from diverse fields of inquiry have used the notion of self-efficacy to predict and explain a wide range of human functioning, from athletic skill to academic achievement. This article is not a systematic review of the empirical research on self-efficacy; instead, its purpose is to describe the nature and structure of self-efficacy and provide a brief overview of several instructional implications for medical education. In doing so, this article is meant to encourage medical educators to consider and explicitly address their students' academic self-efficacy beliefs in an effort to provide more engaging and effective instruction.
自我效能感是指个人对自己有能力组织和执行实现特定绩效所需的行动过程的信念。自我效能感通常被描述为特定任务的自信心，它是各种背景下动机和学习理论的关键组成部分。此外，在过去的 34 年中，来自不同探究领域的教育研究人员使用自我效能感的概念来预测和解释从运动技能到学业成就等广泛的人类功能。本文并不是对自我效能感的实证研究进行系统回顾，而是旨在描述自我效能感的性质和结构，并简要概述医学教育的一些教学意义。这样做的目的是鼓励医学教育工作者考虑并明确解决学生的学业自我效能信念，以提供更具吸引力和更有效的教学。
