Guilloz Imaging Department, Central Hospital, Nancy University Hospital, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54035 Nancy cedex, France.
Diagn Interv Imaging. 2013 Mar;94(3):238-54. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2012.10.018. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
Soft tissue tumours of the musculoskeletal system are reported relatively frequently. The quality of the information gained from different imaging modalities (Doppler sonography, multislice CT, MRI spectroscopy, and diffusion MRI) means that in a growing number of situations, we can envisage determining with great accuracy not only the usual information of tumour size and topography, but often the exact nature of the tissue, almost always identifying whether a lesion is aggressive or not. Of all these techniques, Doppler sonography has become the most widely used due to the striking improvements in its sensors, especially for superficial applications. Some other recent developments are: panoramic imaging, elastography (although its current contribution is still to be determined but it seems to offer promising potential), and, most importantly, specific contrast agents. These techniques have considerably refined the quality of the information obtained, and have particularly enhanced the degree of sensitivity with which lesion progression can be assessed. Ultrasonography is the very first investigation in our protocol. It is also very often used to close investigations, as it accurately guides core needle biopsy from these generally accessible lesions. The purpose of this article is to bring together updated information on the various collections of sonographic features seen in soft tissue tumours and pseudotumours and to emphasise the considerable contributions of these new technological developments, in particular contrast-enhanced sonography. The discussion will follow the World Health Organisation's anatomical pathology classifications of soft tissue tumours. We will close with a synthesis that summarises the main steps in our diagnostic process.
软组织肿瘤在肌肉骨骼系统中报道得较为频繁。不同成像方式（多普勒超声、多层 CT、磁共振波谱和弥散 MRI）获得的信息质量意味着，在越来越多的情况下，我们可以非常准确地确定不仅是肿瘤大小和位置等常规信息，而且还能确定组织的准确性质，几乎总是可以识别病变是否具有侵袭性。在所有这些技术中，由于传感器的显著改进，多普勒超声已成为最广泛使用的技术，特别是在浅表应用方面。其他一些最近的发展包括：全景成像、弹性成像（尽管其目前的贡献仍有待确定，但它似乎具有有前途的潜力），以及最重要的是，特定的对比剂。这些技术极大地提高了所获得信息的质量，特别提高了评估病变进展的灵敏度。超声检查是我们方案中的第一项检查。它也经常用于结束检查，因为它可以准确地引导从这些通常可接近的病变进行核心针活检。本文的目的是汇集软组织肿瘤和假肿瘤的各种超声特征，并强调这些新技术发展的重要贡献，特别是对比增强超声。讨论将遵循世界卫生组织（WHO）的软组织肿瘤解剖病理学分类。我们将以总结我们诊断过程中主要步骤的综合内容作为结束。
