National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, 3720 BA, The Netherlands.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Oct 15;261:833-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.066. Epub 2012 Dec 22.
In the Netherlands, risk assessment of contaminated soils is based on determining the total contaminant concentration. If this measured soil concentration exceeds the Soil Quality Standards (SQS) a higher tier risk evaluation must be performed. Experiences from the field have given rise to the perception that performing risk evaluations based on (measured) total concentrations may lead to an inaccurate assessment of the actual risks. Assuming that only the bioavailable fraction is capable of exerting adverse effects in the soil ecosystem, it is suggested, that by taking bioavailability into account in a (higher tier) risk evaluation, a more effect-based risk assessment can be performed. Bioavailability has been a subject of research for several decades. However up to now bioavailability has not been implemented in the Dutch Soil Quality Assessment Framework. First actions were taken in the Netherlands to determine whether the concept of bioavailability could be implemented in the risk assessment of contaminated soils and to find out how bioavailability can become part of the Dutch Soil Quality Assessment Framework. These actions have led to a concrete proposal for implementation of bioavailability methods in the risk assessment of organic contaminants in soils. This paper focuses on the chemical prediction of bioavailability for ecological risk assessment of contaminated soils.
在荷兰，污染土壤的风险评估是基于确定污染物的总浓度。如果测量的土壤浓度超过了土壤质量标准（SQS），则必须进行更高层次的风险评估。现场经验表明，基于（测量的）总浓度进行风险评估可能会导致对实际风险的不准确评估。假设只有生物可利用部分能够对土壤生态系统产生不利影响，因此建议在（更高层次的）风险评估中考虑生物可利用性，从而可以进行更基于效应的风险评估。生物可利用性已经是几十年的研究课题。然而，到目前为止，生物可利用性尚未在荷兰土壤质量评估框架中实施。荷兰首先采取行动，以确定生物可利用性的概念是否可以在污染土壤的风险评估中实施，并找出生物可利用性如何成为荷兰土壤质量评估框架的一部分。这些行动导致了在土壤中有机污染物风险评估中实施生物可利用性方法的具体建议。本文重点介绍了用于污染土壤生态风险评估的生物可利用性的化学预测。
