Equipe Communication Intercellulaire et Infections Microbiennes, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie, Collège de France, Paris, France.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013 Feb;16(1):32-7. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.11.010. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
Shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades the colonic epithelium where it elicits an intense inflammation leading to tissular destruction. Key to bacterial virulence, type III effectors injected into host cells reorganize the actin cytoskeleton and regulate inflammatory responses. Much progress has been made recently in the characterization of these type III effectors. These findings have reshaped our view of Shigella invasion, suggesting a strategy to invade epithelial cells 'discretely' as an initial route of invasion, contrasting with the devastating inflammatory response associated with the disease's acute phase. The diverse roles of Shigella type III effectors highlight the complexity of an infection process where as little as a thousand bacteria are estimated sufficient to cause the disease in humans.
志贺氏菌是细菌性痢疾的病原体，它侵袭结肠上皮细胞，引发强烈的炎症反应，导致组织破坏。III 型效应子是细菌毒力的关键，它们被注射到宿主细胞中，重新组织肌动蛋白细胞骨架并调节炎症反应。最近，这些 III 型效应子的特征已经取得了很大的进展。这些发现改变了我们对志贺氏菌侵袭的看法，提示了一种“离散”侵袭上皮细胞的策略，这与疾病急性阶段相关的破坏性炎症反应形成对比。志贺氏菌 III 型效应子的多种作用强调了感染过程的复杂性，据估计，仅需一千个细菌就足以导致人类患病。
