Reker Thomas, Menke Ralph
LWL Klinik Münster, Germany.
Psychiatr Prax. 2013 Jan;40(1):43-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1327242. Epub 2013 Jan 14.
In psychiatry and psychotherapy religion and spirituality were for a long time mainly considered as a pathological and neurotic phenomenon. Nowadays they are increasingly accepted as an independent dimension and resource.
By means of a questionnaire, inpatients of 3 hospitals with schizophrenic (F2) or affective (F3) disorders were interviewed shortly before discharge about their religious and spiritual attitude with regard to therapy, coping with psychiatric disorder and hospital based pastoral care. General religiousness of the participants was measured using the centrality scale of the Structure of Religiosity Test.
Of the 216 participants 25% rated themselves as not religious, 61% as religious, and 14% as highly religious. Diagnosis, education, sex, duration of illness and self-evaluation of current mental health status had no significant statistical impact on the importance of religion. Higher age and importance of religion were positively correlated. Hospital based pastoral services were perceived as very helpful. Results indicate positive effects of religiousness on coping with the psychiatric disorder.
For three of four patients religion and spirituality play a more or less important role in their life. In a clinical as well as in a scientific context this dimension should be paid more regard in psychiatry and psychotherapy.
在精神病学和心理治疗领域，宗教和灵性长期以来主要被视为一种病理和神经症现象。如今，它们越来越被视为一个独立的维度和资源。
通过问卷调查，对3家医院中患有精神分裂症（F2）或情感障碍（F3）的住院患者在出院前不久就其在治疗、应对精神疾病以及医院牧灵关怀方面的宗教和灵性态度进行访谈。使用宗教结构测试的中心性量表来衡量参与者的一般宗教信仰程度。
在216名参与者中，25%的人认为自己无宗教信仰，61%的人认为自己有宗教信仰，14%的人认为自己有高度宗教信仰。诊断、教育程度、性别、病程以及对当前心理健康状况的自我评估对宗教的重要性没有显著的统计学影响。年龄较大与宗教的重要性呈正相关。医院的牧灵服务被认为非常有帮助。结果表明宗教信仰对应对精神疾病有积极影响。
四分之三的患者中，宗教和灵性在他们的生活中或多或少发挥着重要作用。在临床和科学背景下，精神病学和心理治疗应更多地关注这一维度。
