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规范性别边界:对性别验证和卡斯特·塞门亚争议的批判性审视。

Policing the boundaries of sex: a critical examination of gender verification and the Caster Semenya controversy.

机构信息

Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University.

出版信息

J Sex Res. 2013;50(2):103-11. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2012.725488. Epub 2013 Jan 15.

Abstract

On August 19, 2009, Caster Semenya, South African track star, won a gold medal in the women's 800-meter event. According to media reports, on the same day, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) ordered Semenya to undergo gender verification testing. This article critically assesses the main concepts and claims that undergird international sport organizations' policies regarding "gender verification" or "sex testing." We examine the ways in which these policies operate through several highly contested assumptions, including that (a) sex exists as a binary; (b) sport is a level playing field for competitors; and (c) some intersex athletes have an unfair advantage over women who are not intersex and, as such, they should be banned from competition to ensure that sport is a level playing field. To conclude, we make three recommendations that are consistent with the attainment of sex and gender justice in sport, which include acknowledging that myriad physical advantages are accepted in sport, recognizing that sport as a level playing field is a myth, and eliminating sex testing in sport.

摘要

2009 年 8 月 19 日,南非田径明星卡斯特·塞门娅赢得女子 800 米金牌。据媒体报道,同日,国际田径联合会(IAAF)下令塞门娅接受性别验证测试。本文批判性地评估了支撑国际体育组织“性别验证”或“性别测试”政策的主要概念和主张。我们通过几个备受争议的假设来研究这些政策的运作方式,包括:(a)性别存在二元性;(b)运动为参赛者提供了一个公平的竞争环境;(c)一些具有间性的运动员相对于非间性的女性具有不公平的优势,因此,他们应该被禁止参赛,以确保运动是一个公平的竞争环境。最后,我们提出了三项建议,这些建议与在体育中实现性别公正相一致,包括承认在体育中接受了无数的身体优势,认识到运动作为一个公平的竞争环境是一个神话,以及在体育中消除性别测试。

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