Department of Philosophy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada,
Brain Topogr. 2014 Jan;27(1):46-54. doi: 10.1007/s10548-012-0269-3. Epub 2013 Jan 16.
Neuromodulation consists in altering brain activity to restore mental and physical functions in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders and brain and spinal cord injuries. This can be achieved by delivering electrical stimulation that excites or inhibits neural tissue, by using electrical signals in the brain to move computer cursors or robotic arms, or by displaying brain activity to subjects who regulate that activity by their own responses to it. As enabling prostheses, deep-brain stimulation and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are forms of extended embodiment that become integrated into the individual's conception of himself as an autonomous agent. In BCIs and neurofeedback, the success or failure of the techniques depends on the interaction between the learner and the trainer. The restoration of agency and autonomy through neuromodulation thus involves neurophysiological, psychological and social factors.
神经调节是指通过改变大脑活动来恢复神经精神障碍和脑脊髓损伤患者的身心功能。这可以通过传递兴奋或抑制神经组织的电刺激来实现，也可以通过利用大脑中的电信号来移动计算机光标或机器臂，或者通过向主体展示大脑活动，然后让他们通过自身对活动的反应来调节该活动。作为神经假肢，深部脑刺激和脑机接口（BCI）是扩展体现的形式，它们会融入个体对自己作为自主主体的认知。在 BCI 和神经反馈中，技术的成败取决于学习者和训练者之间的相互作用。通过神经调节恢复自主性和自主性涉及神经生理学、心理学和社会因素。
