Department of Health Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Feb 5;54(2):1026-33. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10480.
We investigated the independent impact of potential risk factors on myopia in young adults.
A survey study was conducted with male military conscripts aged 18 to 24 years between February 2010 and March 2011 in Taiwan. The participants were examined using non-cycloplegic autorefraction and biometry. The participants provided data about potential risk factors, including age, parental myopia, education, near work, outdoor activity, and urbanization. Myopia was defined as the mean spherical equivalent of the right eye of ≤ 0.5 diopters (D).
Among 5145 eligible participants, 5048 (98.11%) had refraction and questionnaire data available; 2316 (45.88%) of these received axial length examination. The prevalence of myopia was 86.1% with a mean refractive error of -3.66 D (SD = 2.73) and an axial length of 25.40 mm (SD = 1.38). Older age, having myopic parents, higher education level, more time spent reading, nearer reading distance, less outdoor activity, and higher urbanization level were associated with myopia and longer axial length. More computer use was related to longer axial length. All risk factors associated with myopia also were predictors of high myopia (≤ -6.0 D), with the exception of outdoor activity. Finally, an interaction analysis showed shorter axial length was associated with more time spent outdoors only at high urbanization level.
Older age, parental myopia, higher education level, more near work, less outdoor activity, and higher urbanization level were independent predictors of myopia. These data provided evidence to the multifactorial nature of myopia in young men in Taiwan.
我们调查了潜在危险因素对年轻人近视的独立影响。
2010 年 2 月至 2011 年 3 月，在台湾对 18 至 24 岁的男性应征入伍者进行了一项调查研究。使用非睫状肌麻痹自动折射仪和生物测量法对参与者进行检查。参与者提供了潜在危险因素的数据，包括年龄、父母近视、教育程度、近距离工作、户外活动和城市化程度。近视定义为右眼平均球镜等效值≤0.5 屈光度（D）。
在 5145 名合格参与者中，有 5048 名（98.11%）有折射和问卷数据可用；其中 2316 名（45.88%）接受了眼轴长度检查。近视的患病率为 86.1%，平均屈光度为-3.66 D（标准差=2.73），眼轴长度为 25.40 mm（标准差=1.38）。年龄较大、父母近视、教育程度较高、阅读时间较长、阅读距离较近、户外活动较少、城市化程度较高与近视和较长的眼轴长度有关。更多的计算机使用与较长的眼轴长度有关。与近视相关的所有危险因素也是高度近视（≤-6.0 D）的预测因素，户外活动除外。最后，交互分析表明，只有在城市化水平较高的情况下，户外活动时间较长与眼轴较短有关。
年龄较大、父母近视、教育程度较高、近距离工作较多、户外活动较少和城市化程度较高是近视的独立预测因素。这些数据为台湾年轻男性近视的多因素性质提供了证据。
