Onal Sumru, Toker Ebru, Akingol Ziya, Arslan Gul, Ertan Semra, Turan Can, Kaplan Onur
Department of Ophthalmology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Optom Vis Sci. 2007 Mar;84(3):175-80. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0b013e3180335c52.
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Turkish medical students as well as to determine the change in refractive status of medical students within 1 year. Besides general refractive characteristics of the students, the possible relationship between the occurrence of myopia and several factors was also determined.
Two hundred and seven medical students (114 female/93 male) were checked for their refractive status as determined by cycloplegic autorefraction. In addition to keratometric and biometric measurements students also answered a detailed questionnaire. One year later, medical students who participated to the study were re-examined.
Myopia occurred in 32.9% of medical students with low myopia (spherical equivalent between -0.75 diopters [D] and -2.99 D) being the most common type (81%). The frequency of myopia was not significantly different between female and male medical students (37.7 and 26.8%, respectively; p=0.13). Adult onset myopia (onset at age 18 years or older) comprised 14.7% of all myopia cases. Myopic students were significantly more likely to report parental myopia. The percentage of myopes and nonmyopes reporting having one or two myopic parents was 51.5 and 28.8%, respectively (p=0.002). Parental myopia was also an independent risk factor associated with the occurrence of myopia on multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR]=3.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.98-6.87). Nonmyopes also reported a significantly higher prevalence of outdoor activity before and at age seven (68.4%) than did myopes (48.6%), (p=0.009). Outdoor activity during early childhood was found to be protective for myopia on multivariate analysis (OR=0.44, %95 CI=0.23-0.82). There was no significant difference between myopes and nonmyopes with respect to amount of close-up activity. No significant shift of refraction occurred within 1 year.
About one-third of Turkish medical students had myopia. Parental myopia was more common among myopic students and was a risk factor for the occurrence of myopia suggesting a familial predisposition. Outdoor activity in early childhood has had a protective role against the development of myopia in this study sample.
本研究旨在确定土耳其医学生屈光不正的患病率，并确定医学生在1年内屈光状态的变化。除了学生的一般屈光特征外，还确定了近视发生与几个因素之间的可能关系。
对207名医学生（114名女性/93名男性）进行了睫状肌麻痹自动验光以确定其屈光状态。除角膜曲率和生物测量外，学生们还回答了一份详细的问卷。一年后，对参与研究的医学生进行了重新检查。
32.9%的医学生患有近视，其中轻度近视（球镜等效度数在-0.75屈光度[D]至-2.99 D之间）最为常见（81%）。男女医学生近视发生率无显著差异（分别为37.7%和26.8%；p = 0.13）。成人期近视（18岁及以上发病）占所有近视病例的14.7%。近视学生报告父母近视的可能性显著更高。报告有一位或两位近视父母的近视学生和非近视学生的比例分别为51.5%和28.8%（p = 0.002）。多因素分析显示，父母近视也是与近视发生相关的独立危险因素（比值比[OR]=3.69，95%置信区间[CI]=1.98 - 6.87）。非近视学生报告在7岁之前及7岁时的户外活动患病率（68.4%）显著高于近视学生（48.6%），（p = 0.009）。多因素分析发现，幼儿期户外活动对近视有保护作用（OR = 0.44，95%CI = 0.23 - 0.82）。近视学生和非近视学生在近距离活动量方面无显著差异。1年内屈光状态无显著变化。
约三分之一的土耳其医学生患有近视。父母近视在近视学生中更为常见，是近视发生的危险因素，提示存在家族易感性。在本研究样本中，幼儿期户外活动对近视发展具有保护作用。
