Schwaber E A
Int J Psychoanal. 1990;71 ( Pt 1):31-6.
Our theories are to derive from empirical clinical findings. Their task is to order the data and broaden our perceptual scope. But often and unwittingly, we draw upon them to make leaps of inference about unconscious meaning, and bypass untold directions for which the model may not fit. Despite the fact that such super-imposition is generally decried, we are each of us vulnerable to using theory--experience-near or distant--to rationalize hidden assumptions and agendas, to lead our patients to 'truths' we presume we already 'know' to be present. The effort of this discussion has been to highlight this ubiquitous risk and to consider its implications for our psychoanalytic listening and concomitant methodology.
我们的理论应源于临床实证研究结果。其任务是梳理数据并拓宽我们的认知范围。但我们常常在不知不觉中借助这些理论对无意识意义进行推断性跳跃，而忽略了该模型可能并不适用的诸多情况。尽管这种过度应用通常遭人诟病，但我们每个人都容易利用理论——无论与经验相近还是相远——来使隐藏的假设和意图合理化，引导我们的患者走向我们认为自己已然“知晓”存在的“真相”。本次讨论旨在突出这种普遍存在的风险，并思考其对我们精神分析式倾听及相关方法的影响。
