Esfahanian Vahid, Shamami Mehrnaz Sadighi, Shamami Mehrnoosh Sadighi
Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran.
J Dent (Tehran). 2012 Fall;9(4):256-64. Epub 2012 Dec 31.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by reduction in bone mass and micro architectural changes in the bone, which leads to increased bone fragility. The gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Periodontal disease is a chronic destructive disease which can occur in adults, young people and children. Periodontal pathogens cause inflammation of the gingiva which is called gingivitis. When periodontal tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss happen, it is called periodontitis. Since both osteoporosis and periodontal diseases are bone destructive diseases, it has been hypothesized that osteoporosis could be a risk factor for the progression of periodontal disease. The aim of this study is to review the articles assessing the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis
In this review, articles were selected from PubMed between January of 1998 and June 2010. Amongst 508 articles identified from the electronic search, 17 articles were selected for a full-text reading based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Among the 17 studies focused on, 11 studies showed a positive relation between osteoporosis and periodontal disease and the six remaining studies found no significant relation between osteoporosis and periodontal disease.
These data indicate a greater propensity to lose alveolar bone in subjects with osteoporosis, especially in subjects with preexisting periodontitis. This would indicate that osteoporosis or low systemic BMD should be considered a risk factor for periodontal disease progression.
骨质疏松症是一种骨骼疾病，其特征是骨量减少和骨骼微结构改变，导致骨脆性增加。骨质疏松症诊断的金标准是通过双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量骨密度（BMD）。牙周病是一种慢性破坏性疾病，可发生于成年人、年轻人和儿童。牙周病原体引起牙龈炎症，称为牙龈炎。当发生牙周组织破坏和牙槽骨丧失时，则称为牙周炎。由于骨质疏松症和牙周病都是骨破坏性疾病，因此有人推测骨质疏松症可能是牙周病进展的一个危险因素。本研究的目的是综述评估骨质疏松症与牙周炎之间关系的文章。
在本综述中，文章选自1998年1月至2010年6月期间的PubMed。在电子检索中识别出的508篇文章中，根据纳入和排除标准选择了17篇文章进行全文阅读。
在重点关注的17项研究中，11项研究表明骨质疏松症与牙周病之间存在正相关，其余6项研究未发现骨质疏松症与牙周病之间存在显著相关性。
这些数据表明，骨质疏松症患者，尤其是已有牙周炎的患者，更易出现牙槽骨丧失。这表明骨质疏松症或全身骨密度低应被视为牙周病进展的一个危险因素。
