The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7431, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Feb 19;47(4):1994-2000. doi: 10.1021/es304284f. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
Progress toward the sanitation component of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) Target 7c was reassessed to account for the need to protect communities and the wider population from exposure to human excreta. We classified connections to sewerage as "improved sanitation" only if the sewage was treated before discharge to the environment. Sewerage connection data was available for 167 countries in 2010; of these, 77 had published data on sewage treatment prevalence. We developed an empirical model to estimate sewage treatment prevalence for 47 additional countries. We estimate that in 2010, 40% of the global population (2.8 billion people) used improved sanitation, as opposed to the estimate of 62% (4.3 billion people) from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), and that 4.1 billion people lacked access to an improved sanitation facility. Redefining sewerage-without-treatment as "unimproved sanitation" in MDG monitoring would raise the 1990 baseline population using unimproved sanitation from 53% to 64% and the corresponding 2015 target from 27% to 32%. At the current rate of progress, we estimate a shortfall of 28 percentage points (1.9 billion people) in 2010 and a projected 27 percentage point shortfall in 2015.
千年发展目标（MDG）目标 7c 的卫生部分的进展情况进行了重新评估，以考虑到保护社区和更广泛人群免受人类排泄物暴露的需要。我们仅当污水在排放到环境中之前进行处理时，才将与污水管网的连接归类为“改良的卫生设施”。2010 年，有 167 个国家提供了污水管网连接数据；其中，有 77 个国家公布了污水处理普及率的数据。我们开发了一个经验模型来估算另外 47 个国家的污水处理普及率。我们估计，2010 年，全球有 40%（28 亿人）的人口使用改良的卫生设施，而世界卫生组织/联合国儿童基金会联合监测规划（JMP）的估计为 62%（43 亿人），还有 41 亿人无法获得改良的卫生设施。在 MDG 监测中，将未经处理的污水管网重新定义为“非改良的卫生设施”，将使 1990 年基线使用非改良卫生设施的人口从 53%上升到 64%，相应的 2015 年目标从 27%上升到 32%。按照目前的进展速度，我们估计 2010 年将短缺 28 个百分点（19 亿人），2015 年将短缺 27 个百分点。
