Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5223, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Nano Lett. 2013 Feb 13;13(2):577-80. doi: 10.1021/nl304103y. Epub 2013 Jan 22.
Polymer systems having one, two, or three dimensions on the nanometer length scale can exhibit physical properties different from the bulk. The degree of disorder characteristic for large amounts of matter is strongly reduced and changes in symmetry are imposed by means of geometrical confinement. This could be used to induce-through orientation and order-enhancement in the material properties. Experiments on extremely small amounts of matter, however, are naturally characterized by large fluctuations in the measured signals, especially in the case of polymer objects having three dimensions on the nanometer length scale. This imposes the necessity of repeating the measurements until a statistical distribution is obtained. Here we show that investigations on statistical ensembles of attograms of material (1 ag = 10(-18) g) are possible in a single experiment by employing highly ordered arrays of identical, independent, additive nanocontainers. Phase transitions corresponding to attograms of a ferroelectric polymer are measured by this approach. As compared to one- or two-dimensional confinement, significant changes in the Curie transitions are found.
聚合物体系在纳米尺度上具有一维、二维或三维，可以表现出与体相不同的物理性质。大量物质的无序程度大大降低，并且通过几何限制施加对称性变化。这可以用来通过在材料性质中诱导取向和有序增强来实现。然而，对极少量物质的实验，由于在测量信号中存在很大的波动，特别是在具有纳米长度尺度的三维聚合物物体的情况下，自然具有很大的波动。这就要求重复测量，直到获得统计分布。在这里，我们通过使用高度有序的相同独立添加剂纳米容器阵列，表明在单个实验中可以对材料的阿格数（1 阿格=10^(-18) 克）的统计集合进行研究。通过这种方法可以测量对应于铁电聚合物的阿格数的相变。与一维或二维限制相比，在居里转变中发现了显著的变化。
