Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53714. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053714. Epub 2013 Jan 9.
Homicide-suicides are rare but catastrophic events. This study examined the epidemiology of homicide-suicide in Switzerland.
The study identified homicide-suicide events 1991-2008 in persons from the same household in the Swiss National Cohort, which links census and mortality records. The analysis examined the association of the risk of dying in a homicide-suicide event with socio-demographic variables, measured at the individual-level, household composition variables and area-level variables. Proportional hazards regression models were calculated for male perpetrators and female victims. Results are presented as age-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).
The study identified 158 deaths from homicide-suicide events, including 85 murder victims (62 women, 4 men, 19 children and adolescents) and 68 male and 5 female perpetrators. The incidence was 3 events per million households and year. Firearms were the most prominent method for both homicides and suicides. The risk of perpetrating homicide-suicide was higher in divorced than in married men (HR 3.64; 95%CI 1.56-8.49), in foreigners without permanent residency compared to Swiss citizens (HR 3.95; 1.52-10.2), higher in men without religious affiliations than in Catholics (HR 2.23; 1.14-4.36) and higher in crowded households (HR 4.85; 1.72-13.6 comparing ≥2 with <1 persons/room). There was no association with education, occupation or nationality, the number of children, the language region or degree of urbanicity. Associations were similar for female victims.
This national longitudinal study shows that living conditions associated with psychological stress and lower levels of social support are associated with homicide-suicide events in Switzerland.
杀人-自杀事件很少见，但后果严重。本研究调查了瑞士杀人-自杀事件的流行病学情况。
本研究在瑞士全国队列中识别了 1991 年至 2008 年期间来自同一家庭的杀人-自杀事件，该队列将人口普查和死亡率记录联系起来。分析考察了个体层面的社会人口变量、家庭构成变量和地区变量与杀人-自杀事件中死亡风险的关联。为男性犯罪者和女性受害者计算了比例风险回归模型。结果以年龄调整后的危险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）表示。
本研究确定了 158 例杀人-自杀事件，包括 85 名谋杀受害者（62 名女性、4 名男性、19 名儿童和青少年）和 68 名男性和 5 名女性犯罪者。每百万家庭和年的发生率为 3 例。枪支是杀人案和自杀案中最常见的手段。与已婚男性相比，离婚男性（HR 3.64；95%CI 1.56-8.49）、无永久居留权的外国人（HR 3.95；95%CI 1.52-10.2）、无宗教信仰的男性（HR 2.23；95%CI 1.14-4.36）、居住在拥挤家庭（HR 4.85；95%CI 1.72-13.6，比较≥2 人与<1 人/房间）的杀人-自杀风险更高。与教育、职业或国籍、儿童数量、语言地区或城市程度没有关联。女性受害者的关联也相似。
这项全国性纵向研究表明，与心理压力和社会支持水平较低相关的生活条件与瑞士的杀人-自杀事件有关。
