Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612-3805, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Mar;103(3):e72-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2012.301164. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
We assessed the long-term effect of early childhood lead exposure on academic achievement in mathematics, science, and reading among elementary and junior high school children.
We linked early childhood blood lead testing surveillance data from the Detroit Department of Health and Wellness Promotion to educational testing data from the Detroit, Michigan, public schools. We used the linked data to investigate the effect of early childhood lead exposure on academic achievement among school-aged children, both marginally and adjusted for grade level, gender, race, language, maternal education, and socioeconomic status.
High blood lead levels before age 6 years were strongly associated with poor academic achievement in grades 3, 5, and 8. The odds of scoring less than proficient for those whose blood lead levels were greater than 10 micrograms per deciliter were more than twice the odds for those whose blood lead levels were less than 1 micrograms per deciliter after adjustment for potential confounders.
Early childhood lead exposure was negatively associated with academic achievement in elementary and junior high school, after adjusting for key potential confounders. The control of lead poisoning should focus on primary prevention of lead exposure in children and development of special education programs for students with lead poisoning.
我们评估了儿童早期铅暴露对小学生和初中生数学、科学和阅读学术成绩的长期影响。
我们将底特律卫生与健康促进部的儿童早期血液铅检测监测数据与密歇根州底特律公立学校的教育测试数据相联系。我们使用这些关联数据，调查了儿童早期铅暴露对学龄儿童学业成绩的影响，既包括边缘效应，也包括年级、性别、种族、语言、母亲教育程度和社会经济地位的调整效应。
6 岁前的高血铅水平与 3、5 和 8 年级的学业成绩差密切相关。与血铅水平低于 1 微克/分升的人相比，血铅水平大于 10 微克/分升的人得分低于熟练水平的可能性是后者的两倍以上，在调整了潜在混杂因素后。
在调整了关键潜在混杂因素后，儿童早期铅暴露与小学和初中的学业成绩呈负相关。铅中毒的控制应侧重于儿童铅暴露的初级预防和为铅中毒学生制定特殊教育计划。
