Yang Yang, Tang Li-Qin, Wei Wei
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 2013;33(1):14-27. doi: 10.3109/10799893.2012.752003. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
Prostanoids, that is, prostaglandins (PGs) PGE(2), PGF(2α), PGI(2), PGD(2) and thromboxane A(2)(TXA(2)), are the oldest members of the eicosanoid family. The PGs are a family of lipid mediators formed in response to various stimuli. They are transported into the extracellular microenvironment by specific multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) after synthesis. Once exported to the microenvironment, prostanoids bind to G-protein coupled receptors that contain seven transmembrane spanning domains. There are eight types of the prostanoid receptors conserved in mammals from mouse to human. They are the PGD receptor (DP), four subtypes of the PGE receptor (EP(1), EP(2), EP(3) and EP(4)), the PGF receptor (FP), PGI receptor (IP) and TXA receptor (TP). Recently, several studies have revealed the roles of PG receptor signaling in various pathological conditions, and suggest that selective manipulation of the prostanoid receptors may be beneficial in treatment of the pathological conditions. Here we review these recent findings of roles of prostanoid receptor signaling and their therapeutic implications.
前列腺素类物质，即前列腺素（PGs）PGE(2)、PGF(2α)、PGI(2)、PGD(2)和血栓素A(2)（TXA(2)），是类花生酸家族中最古老的成员。前列腺素是一类脂质介质，在各种刺激下形成。它们在合成后通过特定的多药耐药相关蛋白（MRPs）转运到细胞外微环境中。一旦分泌到微环境中，前列腺素类物质就会与含有七个跨膜结构域的G蛋白偶联受体结合。在从小鼠到人类的哺乳动物中，存在八种保守的前列腺素类受体。它们是前列腺素D受体（DP）、前列腺素E受体的四种亚型（EP(1)、EP(2)、EP(3)和EP(4)）、前列腺素F受体（FP）、前列腺素I受体（IP）和血栓素A受体（TP）。最近，多项研究揭示了前列腺素受体信号在各种病理状况中的作用，并表明对前列腺素类受体进行选择性调控可能对治疗这些病理状况有益。在此，我们综述前列腺素类受体信号作用的这些最新发现及其治疗意义。
