School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
J Theor Biol. 2013 Apr 21;323:11-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.01.002. Epub 2013 Jan 15.
The relationship between heart beat frequency and the rate of oxygen consumption for different species of birds and mammals is influenced by body size, the type of exercise being undertaken and its intensity. Here a model is presented combining allometric scaling and exercise-induced variations in oxygen consumption and blood flow, when birds and mammals undergo their primary mode of locomotion. Novel relationships, common to the regulatory systems of all endotherms, are found to relate the rate of oxygen consumption, heart-rate, body and heart mass in 24 species of endotherms spanning 5 orders of body mass. We show that these relationships can be derived from linearity between heart-rate and the arteriovenous oxygen difference, present in data from exercise-attuned humans. We find that the metabolic rate of endotherms undergoing their primary mode of locomotion across a range of exercise intensities is quadratically related to heart-rate and that body mass is inferior to heart mass as a predictive scaling variable. The model facilitates graphical comparisons between species, and enables metabolic costs to be extrapolated from heart-rate data whenever direct measurements of oxygen consumption prove prohibitively challenging.
心跳频率与不同鸟类和哺乳动物的耗氧量之间的关系受体型、正在进行的运动类型及其强度的影响。这里提出了一个模型，将耗氧量和血流的运动诱导变化与鸟类和哺乳动物进行主要运动模式时的生长律相结合。在跨越 5 个体重阶的 24 种恒温动物中，发现了与所有恒温动物的调节系统都通用的新型关系，这些关系与耗氧量、心率、体重和心脏质量有关。我们表明，这些关系可以从运动适应人类数据中的心率与动静脉氧差之间的线性关系中得出。我们发现，在一系列运动强度下，恒温动物进行主要运动模式时的代谢率与心率呈二次相关，并且在作为预测比例变量方面，体重不如心脏质量。该模型便于在物种之间进行图形比较，并能够根据心率数据推断代谢成本，而直接测量耗氧量则极具挑战性。
