DiFranza J R, Tye J B
Fitchburg Family Practice Residency Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School 01420.
JAMA. 1990;263(20):2784-7.
It is estimated that more than 3 million American children under 18 years of age consume 947 million packs of cigarettes and 26 million containers of smokeless tobacco yearly. These tobacco products account for annual sales of $1.26 billion. Approximately 3% of tobacco industry profits ($221 million in 1988) derive directly from the sale of cigarettes to children, an activity that is illegal in 43 states. Approximately half of the tobacco industry's profits, or $3.35 billion annually, derives from sales to people who became addicted to nicotine as children. Tax revenues to the federal ($152 million) and state ($173 million) governments from cigarette sales to children dwarf governmental expenditures on smoking and health. We describe how dozens of communities have effectively enforced laws that prohibit the distribution of tobacco to children and offer some suggestions for increasing efforts to prevent nicotine addiction.
据估计，每年有超过300万18岁以下的美国儿童消费9.47亿包香烟和2600万包无烟烟草。这些烟草产品的年销售额为12.6亿美元。烟草行业利润的约3%（1988年为2.21亿美元）直接来自向儿童销售香烟，而这一行为在43个州是非法的。烟草行业利润的大约一半，即每年33.5亿美元，来自向那些在儿童时期就对尼古丁上瘾的人销售烟草。联邦政府（1.52亿美元）和州政府（1.73亿美元）从向儿童销售香烟中获得的税收收入，远远超过政府在吸烟与健康方面的支出。我们描述了数十个社区如何有效执行禁止向儿童分发烟草的法律，并就加大预防尼古丁成瘾的力度提出了一些建议。
