Rocha Monica Couto Guedes Sejanes da, Carminate Delaine La Gatta, Tibiriçá Sandra Helena Cerrato, Carvalho Iná Pires de, Silva Maria Luzia da Rosa E, Chebli Júlio Maria Fonseca
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
Arq Gastroenterol. 2012 Dec;49(4):259-65. doi: 10.1590/s0004-28032012000400006.
Acute diarrhea is a common cause of hospitalization among children under 5 years of age. Knowing the prevalence and risk factors associated with the severity of acute diarrhea is essential to control morbidity and mortality.
Describe the prevalence of demographic, epidemiologic and clinical features of children under 6 years of age hospitalized for acute diarrhea, and investigate the association between these determinants and the severity of the diarrheic episode.
Retrospective, cross-sectional study, during the period from January, 2005 through December, 2008, in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. Files from 6,201 children from 0 to 6 years of age, hospitalized in two public teaching institutions (which account for 84% of all the hospitalizations in the municipality), were assessed. Acute diarrhea was defined as the presence of at least three evacuations of liquid or loose stools, within 24 hours, for a maximum period of 14 days. The patients with acute diarrhea were divided in two groups, according to disease severity, severe diarrhea being considered whenever hospitalization lasted for at least 4 days. Epidemiologic and clinical data were assessed and compared through the application of the chi-squared test and the binomial logistic regression model.
The prevalence rate for admission due to acute diarrhea was 8.4%. The factors significantly associated with the severity of the diarrheic episode were: age under 6 months (P = 0.01, OR = 2.762); disease onset during fall (P = 0.033, OR = 1.742), presence of fever (P = 0.017, OR = 1.715) and antibiotic use during hospitalization (P = 0.000, OR = 3.872).
Diarrhea is the third most common cause of hospitalization among children under 6 years of age in Juiz de Fora. Young age (under or equal to 6 months), fever, antibiotic use during hospitalization and disease onset during fall are risk factors associated with longer hospital stay.
急性腹泻是5岁以下儿童住院的常见原因。了解与急性腹泻严重程度相关的患病率和危险因素对于控制发病率和死亡率至关重要。
描述因急性腹泻住院的6岁以下儿童的人口统计学、流行病学和临床特征患病率，并调查这些决定因素与腹泻发作严重程度之间的关联。
2005年1月至2008年12月期间，在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州茹伊斯迪福拉市进行回顾性横断面研究。评估了在两家公共教学机构（占该市所有住院病例的84%）住院的6201名0至6岁儿童的病历。急性腹泻定义为在24小时内至少有三次液体或稀便排便，最长持续14天。根据疾病严重程度，将急性腹泻患者分为两组，住院至少4天者视为严重腹泻。通过应用卡方检验和二项逻辑回归模型评估和比较流行病学和临床数据。
因急性腹泻入院的患病率为8.4%。与腹泻发作严重程度显著相关的因素为：6个月以下年龄（P = 0.01，OR = 2.762）；秋季发病（P = 0.033，OR = 1.742）、发热（P = 0.017，OR = 1.715）以及住院期间使用抗生素（P = 0.000，OR = 3.872）。
腹泻是茹伊斯迪福拉市6岁以下儿童住院的第三大常见原因。年龄小（6个月及以下）、发热、住院期间使用抗生素以及秋季发病是与住院时间延长相关的危险因素。
