Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Curr Eye Res. 2013 Apr;38(4):417-27. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2012.760742. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
In the past decade, mass spectrometry (MS) has made tremendous advances toward the profiling and identification of lipids from biological samples. MS is attractive for the simplicity it offers toward total profiling of lipids, the identification and characterization of individual entities directly after extraction from complex biological mixtures utilizing an infusion mode. Fundamentally, two types of mass analyzers exist, depending upon whether the fragment ion resolution and analysis occurs in space domain or in time domain within the mass spectrometer. Compared to MS, chromatographic methods are cumbersome. Nuclear magnetic resonance, which provides unequivocal elucidation of structures, necessitates much higher absolute amount and demands purity of lipids. We present here an account of recent developments in class-specific lipid identification strategies, targeted and untargeted lipid analyses, identification and de novo structure elucidation using mass spectrometric and combinatorial chemical derivatization and MS. We have reviewed the strategies with emphasis for spatial domain fragment resolution mass analyzers enabling analysis of lipids in a class-specific manner. We also provide a brief account of database and bioinformatic tools that have been recently developed toward profiling, identification and quantification of lipids in complex biological mixtures.
在过去的十年中，质谱（MS）在对生物样本中的脂质进行分析和鉴定方面取得了巨大的进展。MS 因其在提取复杂生物混合物后的简单性而具有吸引力，它可以直接对脂质进行全面分析，对各个实体进行鉴定和特征描述，采用的是注入模式。从根本上讲，质谱仪有两种类型，这取决于碎片离子分辨率和分析是在空间域还是在时间域内进行。与 MS 相比，色谱方法比较繁琐。虽然核磁共振可以明确地阐明结构，但需要更高的绝对数量，并且要求脂质具有纯度。我们在这里介绍了最近在特定类别脂质鉴定策略、靶向和非靶向脂质分析、使用质谱和组合化学衍生化和 MS 进行鉴定和从头结构阐明方面的进展。我们重点介绍了基于空间域碎片分辨率质量分析器的策略，这些策略能够以特定类别方式分析脂质。我们还简要介绍了最近为复杂生物混合物中的脂质进行分析、鉴定和定量而开发的数据库和生物信息学工具。
