Turkkan J S, Kadden R M
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1979 Dec;1(2):211-27. doi: 10.1016/0165-1838(79)90018-3.
Heart rates of 5 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were monitored during classical conditioning trials consisting of a visual conditioned stimulus followed after 10 sec by an electric shock to the tail. Heart rates typically increased at the onset of the visual stimulus, and returned to baseline before shock delivery. Autonomic blocking agents were subsequently administered; their effects on resting heart rates, and on acceleratory and deceleratory phases of the biphasic conditioned heart rate responses were examined, both in the raw data, and with a statistical regression technique. Beta-adrenergic blockade by propranolol lowered resting heart rates and was found, after regression analysis, to reduce the heart rate increase phase, and to weakly enhance the subsequent heart rate decrease phase of the conditioned response. Vagal blockade by atropine sulfate elevated resting heart rate, and markedly reduced both acceleratory and deceleratory heart rate phases of the conditioned responses. Ganglionic blockade by chlorisondamine also elevated resting heart rates (less than atropine), and almost completely eliminated conditioned heart rate changes. Several sources of evidence suggest a predominant vagal tone over resting heart rates, as well as mostly vagal mediation (with some sympathetic contribution) of the biphasic conditioned rate response.
在经典条件反射试验中，对5只恒河猴（猕猴）的心率进行了监测。试验包括一个视觉条件刺激，10秒后对其尾巴施加电击。心率通常在视觉刺激开始时增加，并在电击施加前恢复到基线水平。随后给予自主神经阻滞剂；在原始数据以及使用统计回归技术的情况下，研究了它们对静息心率以及双相条件性心率反应的加速和减速阶段的影响。普萘洛尔对β-肾上腺素能的阻断降低了静息心率，经回归分析发现，它减少了心率增加阶段，并微弱增强了条件反应随后的心率降低阶段。硫酸阿托品对迷走神经的阻断提高了静息心率，并显著降低了条件反应的加速和减速心率阶段。氯异吲哚铵对神经节的阻断也提高了静息心率（低于阿托品），并几乎完全消除了条件性心率变化。几个证据来源表明，静息心率主要受迷走神经张力控制，双相条件性心率反应也主要由迷走神经介导（有一些交感神经的贡献）。
